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Neuro > PASS MED QS > Flashcards

PASS MED QS Flashcards

1
Q

contralateral hemiparesdis and sensory loss with lower extremitty being more affected than the upper suggest stroke where

A

Anterior cerebral artery

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2
Q

Ipsilateral oculomotor palsy and contralateral weakness of the upper and lower extremity suggest stroke where

A

Posterior cerebral artery

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3
Q

Posterior communicating artery aneurysm can cause..?

A

third nerve palsy

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4
Q

Progressive peripheral polyneuropathy with hyporeflexia suggests….?

A

guillian barre

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5
Q

sudden occipital headache ?

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage

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6
Q

Sudden onset vertigo and vomiting, ipsilateral facial paralysis and deafness suggests…?

A

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

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7
Q

What is locked in syndrome characterised by?

A

Stroke of the basillar artery
- quadriplegia
- bulbar palsy
- cognition and eye movement are preserved

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8
Q

Patients with a thrombus in which location are more likely to benefit from thrombectomy?

A

proximal middle cerebral arter

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9
Q

What never happens in a lacunar infarct?

A

NO
visual field defect
higher cerebral dysfunction
brainstem dysfunction

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10
Q

Biconvex haemotoma is indicative of ?

A

Extramural haemorrhage

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11
Q

most common surgery for subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

Endovascular coiling

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12
Q

Common findingof lumbar puncture for patients with confirmed subarachnoid haemorrhage post 12 hour onset of symptoms

A

Bloody csf

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13
Q

first line tx for patients with status epilepticus in hospital

A

IV lorazepam

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14
Q

What lobe would todds paralysis and jacksonian suggest a stroke in

A

FRONTAL

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15
Q

First line tx for women of child bearing age with tonic clonic seizures ?

A

lamotrigine

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16
Q

What part of the brain do hallucinations occur

A

temporal lobe seizures

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17
Q

most common complication of meningitis

A

deafness

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18
Q

Lip smacking + post-ictal dysphasia are localising features of a

A

temporal lobe seizure

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19
Q

parasthesia, tingling down one side of body is indicative of ?

A

parietal lobe seizures

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20
Q

floaters and flashes are features of ?

A

occipital lobe seizures

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21
Q

mechanism of carbamazepine

A

inhibits sodium channels

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22
Q

SE of topiramate

A
  • weight loss
  • renal stones
  • behavior changes
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23
Q

medication for choreathetosis?

A

tetrabenazine

  • reduces the uptake of monoamines such as dopamine which cause the ecxessive jerking
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24
Q

why is fvc important to monitor in GBS

A
  • progressive ascending polyneuropathy
  • neuropathy will continue to ascend to involve the abdominal muscles anf then the diaphgram
  • may lead to respiratory arrest
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25
Q

weakness of both legs which started in the feet and now affects all muscles up to the hips is suggestive of ?

A

GBS

26
Q

What lumbar puncture findings would be expected with GBS

A

Raised protein and normal white cells on lumbar puncture

27
Q

Main cause, presentation and tx for GBS

A

Previous infection with campylobacter jejuni
ascending weakness starting in feet
iv immunoglobulin

28
Q

what medication is contraindicated for women with migraines

A

combined oral contraceptive pill increases risk of stroke and should be stopped

29
Q

in what patients would propranolol be contraindicated when wanting to treat for migraine

A

asthmatics and T2DM

30
Q

What medication can make patients more prone to falls in parkinsons ?

A

monoamine oxidase B can cause postural hypotension

31
Q

side effects of levodopa

A
  • dry mouth
  • anorexia
  • palpitations
    -psychosis
32
Q

An example of a dopamine agnonist and a side effect

A

Pramipexole - risk of impulse control of obsessive disorders

gambling or hypersexualoty

33
Q

summary of cortico basal degeneration

A
  • parkinson plus syndrome
  • has the triad of PD but extra
  • includes spontaneous limb movement
  • cant follow instructions but can do it automatically
34
Q

progressive supranuclear palsy?

A

parkinsonism and vertical gaze palsy

35
Q

multiple system atrophy?

A

parkinsonism and postural hypotension, incontinence , impotence

36
Q

inability to feel crude touch would indicate lesion where

A

anterior spinothalamic tract

37
Q

Inability to feel pain and temp would indicate a lesion where

A

lateral spinothalamic

38
Q

What are the two UMN tracts

A

corticospinal
corticobulbar

39
Q

destination of the corticospinal and corticobulbar?

A

Corticospinal- anterior grey horn
Corticobublar- cranial nerve nuclei

40
Q

What are the features of an upper motor lesion

A
  • decrease in mass not as much as lmn lession
  • spastic paralysis
  • hypertonia
  • hyperreflexia
  • absent fasiculation
  • positive babinski sign
41
Q

what are the features of a LMN lesion

A
  • decreased muscle tone 80%
  • flaccid paralysis
  • hypotonia
  • hyporeflexia
  • fasiculations present
  • absent babinski sign
42
Q

What would meningiomas show on biopsy

A

spindle cells in concentric whorls , calcified psammoma bodies

43
Q

Summary of neurofibrillary tangles in alzheimers

A

-paired helical filaments are partly made from a protein called tau

-tau is a protein that interacts with tubulin to stabilize microtubules and promote tubulin assembly into microtubules

-in AD are tau proteins are excessively phosphorylated, impairing its function

44
Q

atrophy in alzheimers occurs where the most

A

cortex
hippocampus

45
Q

are plaques and tangles intra or extra neurona

A
  • plaques- extraneuronal
  • tangles- intraneuronal
46
Q

what genes are linked to familial and non familial alzheimers

A
  • familial APP, PSEN1, PSEN2
  • non familial- APOE e4 gene
47
Q

triad of features for lewy body dementia

A

fluctuating cognition
parkinsonism
visual hallucinations

48
Q

what is poliomyelitis

A

polio

49
Q

define polio

A

Poliomyelitis is an acute illness which occurs following invasion through the gastrointestinal tract by one of the polio virus. The virus replicates in the gastrointestinal tissues and has a high affinity for nervous tissue, with the anterior horn cells often affected

50
Q

presentation of polio

A

LMN signs
hyporeflexia
hypotonia
fasiculations

51
Q

features of motor neurone disease

A

asymmetric limb weakness is the most common presentation of ALS
the mixture of lower motor neuron and upper motor neuron signs
wasting of the small hand muscles/tibialis anterior is common
fasciculations
the absence of sensory signs/symptoms
vague sensory symptoms may occur early in the disease (e.g. limb pain) but ‘never’ sensory signs

52
Q

what is usually spared in motor neuron disease

A

extraocular involvement

53
Q

triad for wernickes encephalopathy

A

Acute confusion
Ataxia
Opthalmoplegia

54
Q

Sudden onset vertigo and vomiting, ipsilateral facial paralysis and deafness - stroke where

A

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

55
Q

todds palysy?

A

post ictal paralysis

56
Q

what is LEVADOPA usually prescribed with

A

carbidopa

57
Q

first line prophylaxis for cluster headaches

A

verapamil

58
Q

prophylaxis for migraine?

A

propranolol

59
Q

acute first line management of cluster headaches

A

high flow oxygen

60
Q

how would you differentiate spinal and bulbar als

A

spinal would have mixed features of umn and lmn lesion
bulbar would have speech and tongue fasiculations

61
Q

champagne bottle legs, weakness on dorsiflexion , foot dragging would suggest?

A

charcot marie tooth syndrome type 1

62
Q

first line tx for trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamezapie

Neuro (19 decks)

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