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Neuro > PASS MED QS > Flashcards

PASS MED QS Flashcards

1
Q

contralateral hemiparesdis and sensory loss with lower extremitty being more affected than the upper suggest stroke where

A

Anterior cerebral artery

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2
Q

Ipsilateral oculomotor palsy and contralateral weakness of the upper and lower extremity suggest stroke where

A

Posterior cerebral artery

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3
Q

Posterior communicating artery aneurysm can cause..?

A

third nerve palsy

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4
Q

Progressive peripheral polyneuropathy with hyporeflexia suggests….?

A

guillian barre

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5
Q

sudden occipital headache ?

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage

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6
Q

Sudden onset vertigo and vomiting, ipsilateral facial paralysis and deafness suggests…?

A

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

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7
Q

What is locked in syndrome characterised by?

A

Stroke of the basillar artery
- quadriplegia
- bulbar palsy
- cognition and eye movement are preserved

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8
Q

Patients with a thrombus in which location are more likely to benefit from thrombectomy?

A

proximal middle cerebral arter

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9
Q

What never happens in a lacunar infarct?

A

NO
visual field defect
higher cerebral dysfunction
brainstem dysfunction

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10
Q

Biconvex haemotoma is indicative of ?

A

Extramural haemorrhage

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11
Q

most common surgery for subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

Endovascular coiling

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12
Q

Common findingof lumbar puncture for patients with confirmed subarachnoid haemorrhage post 12 hour onset of symptoms

A

Bloody csf

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13
Q

first line tx for patients with status epilepticus in hospital

A

IV lorazepam

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14
Q

What lobe would todds paralysis and jacksonian suggest a stroke in

A

FRONTAL

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15
Q

First line tx for women of child bearing age with tonic clonic seizures ?

A

lamotrigine

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16
Q

What part of the brain do hallucinations occur

A

temporal lobe seizures

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17
Q

most common complication of meningitis

A

deafness

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18
Q

Lip smacking + post-ictal dysphasia are localising features of a

A

temporal lobe seizure

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19
Q

parasthesia, tingling down one side of body is indicative of ?

A

parietal lobe seizures

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20
Q

floaters and flashes are features of ?

A

occipital lobe seizures

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21
Q

mechanism of carbamazepine

A

inhibits sodium channels

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22
Q

SE of topiramate

A
  • weight loss
  • renal stones
  • behavior changes
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23
Q

medication for choreathetosis?

A

tetrabenazine

  • reduces the uptake of monoamines such as dopamine which cause the ecxessive jerking
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24
Q

why is fvc important to monitor in GBS

A
  • progressive ascending polyneuropathy
  • neuropathy will continue to ascend to involve the abdominal muscles anf then the diaphgram
  • may lead to respiratory arrest
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25
weakness of both legs which started in the feet and now affects all muscles up to the hips is suggestive of ?
GBS
26
What lumbar puncture findings would be expected with GBS
Raised protein and normal white cells on lumbar puncture
27
Main cause, presentation and tx for GBS
Previous infection with campylobacter jejuni ascending weakness starting in feet iv immunoglobulin
28
what medication is contraindicated for women with migraines
combined oral contraceptive pill increases risk of stroke and should be stopped
29
in what patients would propranolol be contraindicated when wanting to treat for migraine
asthmatics and T2DM
30
What medication can make patients more prone to falls in parkinsons ?
monoamine oxidase B can cause postural hypotension
31
side effects of levodopa
- dry mouth - anorexia - palpitations -psychosis
32
An example of a dopamine agnonist and a side effect
Pramipexole - risk of impulse control of obsessive disorders gambling or hypersexualoty
33
summary of cortico basal degeneration
- parkinson plus syndrome - has the triad of PD but extra - includes spontaneous limb movement - cant follow instructions but can do it automatically
34
progressive supranuclear palsy?
parkinsonism and vertical gaze palsy
35
multiple system atrophy?
parkinsonism and postural hypotension, incontinence , impotence
36
inability to feel crude touch would indicate lesion where
anterior spinothalamic tract
37
Inability to feel pain and temp would indicate a lesion where
lateral spinothalamic
38
What are the two UMN tracts
corticospinal corticobulbar
39
destination of the corticospinal and corticobulbar?
Corticospinal- anterior grey horn Corticobublar- cranial nerve nuclei
40
What are the features of an upper motor lesion
- decrease in mass not as much as lmn lession - spastic paralysis - hypertonia - hyperreflexia - absent fasiculation - positive babinski sign
41
what are the features of a LMN lesion
- decreased muscle tone 80% - flaccid paralysis - hypotonia - hyporeflexia - fasiculations present - absent babinski sign
42
What would meningiomas show on biopsy
spindle cells in concentric whorls , calcified psammoma bodies
43
Summary of neurofibrillary tangles in alzheimers
-paired helical filaments are partly made from a protein called tau -tau is a protein that interacts with tubulin to stabilize microtubules and promote tubulin assembly into microtubules -in AD are tau proteins are excessively phosphorylated, impairing its function
44
atrophy in alzheimers occurs where the most
cortex hippocampus
45
are plaques and tangles intra or extra neurona
- plaques- extraneuronal - tangles- intraneuronal
46
what genes are linked to familial and non familial alzheimers
- familial APP, PSEN1, PSEN2 - non familial- APOE e4 gene
47
triad of features for lewy body dementia
fluctuating cognition parkinsonism visual hallucinations
48
what is poliomyelitis
polio
49
define polio
Poliomyelitis is an acute illness which occurs following invasion through the gastrointestinal tract by one of the polio virus. The virus replicates in the gastrointestinal tissues and has a high affinity for nervous tissue, with the anterior horn cells often affected
50
presentation of polio
LMN signs hyporeflexia hypotonia fasiculations
51
features of motor neurone disease
asymmetric limb weakness is the most common presentation of ALS the mixture of lower motor neuron and upper motor neuron signs wasting of the small hand muscles/tibialis anterior is common fasciculations the absence of sensory signs/symptoms vague sensory symptoms may occur early in the disease (e.g. limb pain) but 'never' sensory signs
52
what is usually spared in motor neuron disease
extraocular involvement
53
triad for wernickes encephalopathy
Acute confusion Ataxia Opthalmoplegia
54
Sudden onset vertigo and vomiting, ipsilateral facial paralysis and deafness - stroke where
anterior inferior cerebellar artery
55
todds palysy?
post ictal paralysis
56
what is LEVADOPA usually prescribed with
carbidopa
57
first line prophylaxis for cluster headaches
verapamil
58
prophylaxis for migraine?
propranolol
59
acute first line management of cluster headaches
high flow oxygen
60
how would you differentiate spinal and bulbar als
spinal would have mixed features of umn and lmn lesion bulbar would have speech and tongue fasiculations
61
champagne bottle legs, weakness on dorsiflexion , foot dragging would suggest?
charcot marie tooth syndrome type 1
62
first line tx for trigeminal neuralgia
carbamezapie

Neuro (19 decks)

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