Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Basics > Flashcards

Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What does the basal ganglia do

A
  • increase the amount of purposeful movements
  • decrease the amount of non purposeful movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

basal ganglia related disorders

A

huntingtons
parkinsons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the internal capsule

A

bundle of white matter- axons that travel between the cerebral cortex and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is white matter

A

myelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

role of thalamus

A

sensory pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

EDH cause

A

Trauma- bleeding from the meningeal arteries as a result of skull fracture that tears the dura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

EDH clinical presentation

A

-Headache, drowsiness, rapid neurological deterioration

-Patient may have extensive traumatic injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SDH cause

A

Usually caused by trauma – typically a fall leading to bleeding from dural bridging veins

Low pressure bleeding

Gradual rise in ICP (over several weeks or months)

Most likely in patients with brain atrophy (elderly, dementia, history of excess alcohol intake) – bridging veins stretched and more prone to tearing with head trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SDH clinical presentation

A

Typical picture is of gradual cognitive deterioration

May be a history of a fall, maybe not

Patient may have old bruising on their head (or elsewhere) suggesting frequent / recent falls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

SAH clinical presentation

A

Typically present with sudden onset severe ‘worst-ever headache’ (‘thunderclap’)
Patient may:
be conscious
have reduced GCS
be unconscious (poorer prognosis)
Can be rapidly fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ICH cause

A

-Spontaneous due to aneurysm or vessel rupture
-Small perforating vessels prone to rupture, especially if hypertensive
-Clinical presentation determined by the size of the bleed and brain region affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Terminal branches of the ICA

A
  • Anterior cerebral artery
  • middle cerebral artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

middle cerebral artery supplies ?

A

lateral surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

After a stroke a patient has weakness in the left upper limb , which region is affected?

A

primary motor cortex on lateral surface of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where is brocas and wernickes

A

brocas- frontal
wernickes- temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is the primary visual cortex

A

occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which region receives sensory info from lower limb

A

medial surface parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the PNS

A

nervous system outside the CNS
12 pairs of cranial nerves: head and neck*
31 pairs of spinal nerves
Collections of cell bodies in the PNS are called ganglia (singular = ganglion)

20
Q

Where are motor neuron cell bodies located

A

ventral grey horn

21
Q

Which fibre types are found in spinal nerves

A

somatic motor
somatic sensory
sympathetic

22
Q

where are the tracts that carry fine touch and proprioception

A

dorsal column pathway

23
Q

where are the corticospinal tracts located

A

o

24
Q

spinothalamic tract does whar?

A

pain and temperature

25
Q

What are the ascending tracts

A
26
Q

What are the descenind tracts

A
27
Q

what do descending tracts do

A

carry motor info from CNS to periphery

28
Q

what do ascending tracts fo

A

bring sensory info from periphery to CNS

29
Q

Where does crossing over occur at the corticospinal tract

A
  • cross over in the medulla but a small number remain ipsilateral
30
Q

Pathway of corticospinal tract ?

A

primary motor neuron
internal capsule
brainstem
medulla
cross over
travel in spinal cord
synpase with second neuron and this will leave

31
Q

lesion in the corticospinal cord would cause

A

ipsilateral weakness

32
Q

role of DCLM

A

Touch, proprioception, vibration

33
Q

DCLM PATHWAY?

A

Dorsal columns
ascends on the same side
medulla
cross over
primary somatosensory cortex

34
Q

lesion in DCLM would cause

A

ipsilateral deficit
imapired fine touch and proprioception

35
Q

Spinothalamic tract pathway

A

primary sensory neuron
cross over
ascend on the opposite side

36
Q

what is signifcant about the spinothalamic tract

A

crossing over occurs asap

37
Q

lesion in spinothalamic tract would cause

A

contralateral loss of / impaired pain and temp sensation

38
Q

what is a dermatome

A

area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

39
Q

what is a myotome

A

muscles supplied by a single spinal nerve

40
Q

craniel nerve nuclei of nerves 3-12 are located where

A

BRAINSTEM

41
Q

CRANIAL nerves may contain which fibre types

A

parasympathetic
somatic motor
motor
special sensory

42
Q

a patients tongue deviates to the left when protruded, which nerve is affected

A

left hypoglassal

43
Q

role of trochlear nerve

A

innervates the superior oblique muscle

44
Q

how to test trochlear nerve

A

look down and medially

45
Q

branches of trigeminal

A

opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

Neuro (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions