Basics Flashcards
What does the basal ganglia do
- increase the amount of purposeful movements
- decrease the amount of non purposeful movement
basal ganglia related disorders
huntingtons
parkinsons
what is the internal capsule
bundle of white matter- axons that travel between the cerebral cortex and spinal cord
what is white matter
myelinated axons
role of thalamus
sensory pathways
EDH cause
Trauma- bleeding from the meningeal arteries as a result of skull fracture that tears the dura
EDH clinical presentation
-Headache, drowsiness, rapid neurological deterioration
-Patient may have extensive traumatic injuries
SDH cause
Usually caused by trauma – typically a fall leading to bleeding from dural bridging veins
Low pressure bleeding
Gradual rise in ICP (over several weeks or months)
Most likely in patients with brain atrophy (elderly, dementia, history of excess alcohol intake) – bridging veins stretched and more prone to tearing with head trauma
SDH clinical presentation
Typical picture is of gradual cognitive deterioration
May be a history of a fall, maybe not
Patient may have old bruising on their head (or elsewhere) suggesting frequent / recent falls
SAH clinical presentation
Typically present with sudden onset severe ‘worst-ever headache’ (‘thunderclap’)
Patient may:
be conscious
have reduced GCS
be unconscious (poorer prognosis)
Can be rapidly fatal
ICH cause
-Spontaneous due to aneurysm or vessel rupture
-Small perforating vessels prone to rupture, especially if hypertensive
-Clinical presentation determined by the size of the bleed and brain region affected
Terminal branches of the ICA
- Anterior cerebral artery
- middle cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery supplies ?
lateral surface
After a stroke a patient has weakness in the left upper limb , which region is affected?
primary motor cortex on lateral surface of brain
where is brocas and wernickes
brocas- frontal
wernickes- temporal
where is the primary visual cortex
occipital lobe
which region receives sensory info from lower limb
medial surface parietal lobe
what is the CNS
brain and spinal cord
what is the PNS
nervous system outside the CNS
12 pairs of cranial nerves: head and neck*
31 pairs of spinal nerves
Collections of cell bodies in the PNS are called ganglia (singular = ganglion)
Where are motor neuron cell bodies located
ventral grey horn
Which fibre types are found in spinal nerves
somatic motor
somatic sensory
sympathetic
where are the tracts that carry fine touch and proprioception
dorsal column pathway
where are the corticospinal tracts located
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spinothalamic tract does whar?
pain and temperature
