PASS Flashcards
Classic Conditioning
Environmental cues are associated with a behaviour
Cues connect to potentially harmful behaviour
Avoid cues or apply negative association to the behaviour
Operant conditioning
People act on the environment and the behaviour is shaped by the response given
Behaviour is reinforced if rewarded
Unhealthy behaviours are generally immediately rewarding
Limitations of conditioning theories
No account foe beliefs, memory, attitudes and expectations
No account for social context
Social learning theory
Behaviour is goal directed
People are likely to do behaviour that is rewarded and they believe is achievable.
Modelling on high status figures or people like us
Cognitive dissonance theory
Discomfort occurs when holding inconsistent beliefs or actions don’t match belief
Change actions or behaviour
Health belief model
Beliefs about health threat
- perceived susceptibility
- perceived severity
Beliefs about health related behaviour
- perceived barriers
- perceived benefits
These cause action
Theory of planned behaviour
Attitudes towards behaviour
Subjective norm
Perceived control
All of these effect the intention of doing an action
COM-B model
Capability - knowledge
Opportunity - time or resources
Motivation - desires and impulses
These alter people’s behaviours
Definition of substance abuse
The harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances including alcohol and illicit drugs
Physical dependence
Relates to the experience of withdrawal symptoms when the substance isn’t taken
Psychological dependence
Relates to the impaired control a person has
Risk factors for substance abuse
Issues with family - neglect or abuse
Mental health problems
Social groups taking the substances
Previous drug use
Aims of treatment for substance misuse
To reduce harm to user and associates
Improve their health
Detoxification
Substitution to safer drugs
Criteria of screening : the condition
The condition needs to be frequent and severe
All other cost effective primary preventions have been implemented
Criteria of screening : the test
Safe
Simple
Precise
Acceptable to population
Criteria of screening : intervention
Evidence showing that there is an improved outcome by intervening at a pre-symptomatic phase
Criteria of screening : screening programme
Benefits outweigh any harms
Proven effectiveness in reducing mortality and morbidity
Ethically, clinically and socially acceptable
Criteria of screening : Implementation
Adequate staffing and facilities
Management and monitoring programme for quality assurance
Sensitivity
The proportion of people with the disease that test positive
Specificity
The proportion of people without the disease who test negative
PPV
The proportion of people who test positive who have the disease
NPV
The proportion of people who test negative that don’t have the disease.
Illness work
Getting a diagnosis
Managing the symptoms
Self management
Everyday life work
Coping with the illness
Actions involved in managing the condition
Normalising the new lifestyle
Emotional work
Work done to protect the well being of others
Presenting yourself as normal
Biographical work
Loss of self
Former self crumbling away
Biographical disruption
Major disruption in life experience
Identity work
Illness can define you
Affects the way you see yourself and others see you
