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OB-Gyn > Parturition, Normal Labor and Delivery > Flashcards

Parturition, Normal Labor and Delivery Flashcards

0
Q

Phase of parturition - From implantation to few weeks before delivery

A

Prelude to parturition - phase 1 (Quiesence)

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1
Q

Principal hormone in the quiescence phase of parturition

A

Progesterone

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2
Q

Phase of parturition - Last 6-8 weeks of pregnancy (or 30-32 weeks AOG)

A

Preparation for labor/ Phase 2/ Activation

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3
Q

Phase of parturition - Process of Labor

A

Phase 3/ Stimulation

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4
Q

Hormone that serves as principal mediator in Phase 1 of parturition

A

Estrogen

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5
Q

At what phase of parturition are Braxton-Hicks felt

A

Phase 1/ Quiesence

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6
Q

At what phase of parturition is there formation of the lower uterine segment?

A

Phase 2/ Preparation for Labor/ Activation

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7
Q

At what phase of parturition does lightening happen?

A

Phase 2/ Activation/ Preparation for labor

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8
Q

At what phase of parturition is there formation is a physiologic uterine ring?

A

Phase 3/ Process of labor/ Stimulation

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9
Q

What initiates phase 3 of parturition/ stimulation?

A

Onset of labor/ regular contractions

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10
Q

What initiates phase 4 of parturition/ Involution?

A

Delivery of conceptus

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11
Q

When does phase 3 of parturition/ process of labor end?

A

Upon delivery of conceptus

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12
Q

Longitudinal axis of fetus to that of mother

A

Fetal lie (longitudinal or transverse)

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13
Q

MC fetal lie

A

Longitudinal

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14
Q

Most important force in fetal expulsion

A

Maternal intra-abdominal pressure

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15
Q

Portion of fetal body that is within the birth canal or in closest proximity to it

A

Fetal presentation

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16
Q

Most common fetal presentation

A

Cephalic (98%)

Breech (2.7%)

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17
Q

Fetal presentation if occipital fontanel is the presenting part?

A

Vertex

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18
Q

Fetal presentation if anterior fontanel is the presenting part?

A

Sinciput

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19
Q

Fetal presentation if the bregma is the presenting part?

A

Sinciput (same with anterior fontanel)

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20
Q

Fetal presentation with neck partially extended

A

Brow presentation

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21
Q

Sinciput presentation almost always converts to what presentation?

A

Vertex presentation by neck flexion

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22
Q

Brow presentation almost always concerts to what presentation?

A

Face presentation by neck extension

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23
Q

Fetal presentation with occipital fontanel as presenting part?

A

Occiput / Vertex presentation

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24
Which fetal presentations are usually transient?
Sinciput and brow
25
3 Fetal presentations of breech?
Frank, complete, footling
26
Characteristic posture of fetus
Fetal attitude
27
Relationship of the chosen portion of the fetal presenting part to the right or left side of the maternal birth canal
Fetal position
28
MC fetal position
Left occiput anterior
29
Possible fetal positions if with vertex presentation
Left occiput anterior Left occiput transverse Left occiput posterior
30
Possible fetal positions if with face presentation
Left mentum anterior Left mentum transverse Left mentum posterior
31
Possible fetal positions if with breech presentation
Left sacrum anterior Left sacrum transverse Left sacrum posterior
32
Presenting part if vertex presentation?
Occiput
33
Presenting part if face presentation?
Mentum
34
Presenting part if breech presentation?
Sacrum
35
Degree of descent of the presenting part throughout the birth canal
Station
36
At what level is the fetal station assessed?
Level of the ischial spine
37
Lateral deflection of the head to a more anterior or posterior position in the pelvis
Asynclitism
38
Sagittal suture approaches sacral promontory; anterior parietal bone presents
Anterior synclitism/ Naegele's obliquely
39
Sagittal suture lies close to symphysis pubis; posterior parietal bone will present
Posterior asynclitism/ Litzman obliquity
40
Litzman obliquity
Aka posterior asynclitism Sagittal suture lies close to symphysis pubis; posterior parietal bone will present
41
Naegele's obliquity
Aka anterior asynclitism Sagittal suture approaches sacral promontory; anterior parietal bone presents
42
Maneuver to determine fetal pole
Leopold I
43
Leopold I
Determines fetal pole
44
Leopold II
Determines where the fetal back is
45
Leopold III
What fetal part lies over the pelvic inlet
46
Leopold IV
On which side is the cephalic prominence
47
At which Leopold maneuver does the examiner move to the mother's feet?
Leopold IV
48
Pawlick's grip
Aka Leopold III Determines engagement of presenting part
49
Fundal grip
Aka Leopold I Determines fetal part lying in the fundus
50
Leopold maneuver which determines the degree of flexion of fetal head/ neck?
Leopold IV
51
Leopold maneuver to determine habitus?
Leopold IV
52
Cephalic or podalic?
Presentation From Leopold I
53
To determine engagement of presenting part
Leopold III/ Pawlick's grip
54
Period of forceful uterine contractions that cause cervical dilatation, fetal descent and delivery of the conceptus
Labor
55
3 tests used to confirm rupture of membranes
Pool test Nitrazine test Fern test
56
Amniotic fluid - acidic or alkaline?
Alkaline
57
Normal vaginal pH?
4.5 - 5.5
58
Positive nitrazine test?
If paper turns blue = positive = pH 7.5 (amniotic fluid is alkaline) Positive = rupture of membranes
59
If negative nitrazine test?
Paper turns yellow = pH 5
60
Results of fern test
Amniotic fluid causes crystallization under microscope when it dries up
61
Bishop score that indicates high probability of spontaneous vaginal delivery
>= 8
62
Ring of Bandl
Aka pathologic retraction ring Extreme thinning of LUS in obstructed labor
63
First prerequisite for birth
Descent
64
BPD passes through the pelvic inlet
Engagement
65
Cardinal movement that allows the narrowest fetal head diameter to present in the birth canal
Flexion
66
What happens during internal rotation?
Rotation of fetal head from transverse to AP
67
Another name for restitution
External rotation
68
Anesthesia that can be used for both 1st and 2nd stages of labor
Epidural
69
Functional division of first stage of labor that's unaffected by sedation or conduction analgesia
Dilatational division
70
BPD descent in relation to the ischial spine
Station
71
Landmark in assessing fetal station
Ischial spine
72
Ritgen maneuver
Hand used to exert forward pressure on the chin of the fetus through the perineum just in front of the coccyx and the other hand exerts pressure posteriorly against the occiput
73
Encircling of the largest diameter of the fetal head by the vulvar ring
Crowing
74
Calkin sign
Uterus becomes global and firm - 3rd stage of labor
75
Placental separation where glistening amnion first presents at vulva
Schultze
76
Placental separation that occurs first at the periphery
Duncan "Duncan's dirty mother at the periphery "
77
3rd degree laceration
Involves anal sphincter
78
Fourth degree laceration
Until rectal mucosa
79
First degree laceration
Fourchette, perineal skin, vaginal mucous membrane
80
Second degree laceration
Fascia and perineal muscles
81
4th stage of labor begins?
Hour immediately after deliver Monitor for at least 1 hour (q15)
82
Bishop score favorable for labor induction
>= 8
83
Oxytocin dose
10-20 units into 1000 ml of LRS
84
Early amniotomy at what cervical dilatation?
1-2 cm
85
Late amniotomy at what cervical dilatation?
5 cm
86
Misoprostol - what type of drug?
PGE1 analog Used for cervical ripening and induction

OB-Gyn (12 decks)

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