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Dendrology > Parts of the tree > Flashcards

Parts of the tree Flashcards

1
Q

Abortive [fruit]

A

Not developed completely

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2
Q

Alternate [arrangement of leaves or buds]

A

Not opposite on the sides of twig

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3
Q

Appressed

A

Pressed close or lying flat against something

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4
Q

Awl-shaped [leaf]

A

Narrow and tapering to a sharp point

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5
Q

Axillary

A

Growing from the Axil. The angle between the upper side of a leaf or stem and the supporting stem or branch.

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6
Q

Basal disc [fruit]

A

A plate-like structure on the base of a fruit.

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7
Q

Bloom

A

A whitish covering; usually on new shoot growth or fruit.

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8
Q

Bole

A

The main stem of a tree; usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber or other wood products.

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9
Q

Bract

A

A leaf-like structure which is attached to a flower, a fruit or to its stalk.

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10
Q

Branchlet

A

Shoot growth of the latest growing season

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11
Q

Broadleafed

A

Having relatively broad rather than needle-like or scale-like leaves.

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12
Q

Capsule [fruit]

A

A dry fruit enclosing more than one seed and splitting freely at maturity.

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13
Q

Bur [fruit]

A

A prickly or spiny husk enclosing the seed

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14
Q

Catkin

A

A compact, cylindrical cluster of flowers of the same sex

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15
Q

Chambered [pith]

A

With hollow cavities separated by discs or plates

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16
Q

Compound [leaf]

A

A leaf composed of smaller leaf units or leaflets

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17
Q

Conical

A

Wide at the base and gradually tapering to a point; circular in cross section

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18
Q

Conifer

A

Cone-bearing trees; the “evergreens”

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19
Q

Cordate [leaf]

A

Heart-shaped at the petiole end or base

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20
Q

Corymb

A

A flat-topped floral cluster with outer flowers opening first

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21
Q

Cup [fruit]

A

The scaled, concave basal portion of oak fruit

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22
Q

Cyme

A

A flattened flowering structure, center flowers opening first

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23
Q

Deciduous [leaves]

A

All leaves drop in the autumn; not evergreen

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24
Q

Diaphragmed [pith]

A

Solid but divided into sections by firmer discs

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25
Q

Drupe [fruit]

A

Fleshy outside, hard and stone-like inside

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26
Q

Ellipsoid

A

Tapers equally at both ends; more than twice as long as broad

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27
Q

Elliptical

A

Like am ellipse; flat and tapering equally at both ends

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28
Q

Entire [leaf]

A

Margin of leaf without teeth, lobes, or divisions

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29
Q

Fascicle [leaf]

A

A cluster of conifer leaves

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30
Q

Fluted [stem]

A

With alternating, rounded depressions and ridges

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31
Q

Fruit

A

The seed-bearing part of a tree

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32
Q

Glabrous

A

Smooth without hairs

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33
Q

Glands

A

Generally raised structures at the tips of hairs, or on a leaf, petiole, or twig

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34
Q

Globose

A

Spherical or globe-shaped

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35
Q

Habitat

A

The place where a plan usually grows, e.g. rocky, moist, well-drained, etc…

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36
Q

Hardwood

A

Term used to describe all broad-leaved trees. These tree species are typically deciduous, retaining their leaves only one growing season. Despite the term, some “hardwoods”, such as the aspens, have wood that is relatively soft.

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37
Q

Head

A

A compact aggregate of flowers or fruit on a common stalk

37
Q

Invasive

A

Not native to and tending to spread widely in a habitat or environment, sometimes displacing native species

37
Q

Husk [fruit]

A

The somewhat leathery, outer covering of a fruit sometimes capable of splitting along well-defined lines

38
Q

Lance-shaped

A

Long and tapering; several times longer than broad; broadest at the base

39
Q

Leaf

A

Stalk (petiole) and blade of hardwoods; needles and scales of conifers

40
Q

Leaflets

A

Smaller leaf units which together form a compound leaf

41
Q

Lenticel [bark]

A

Corky, raised pores on woody parts with openings for air-gas exchange

42
Q

Linear [leaf]

A

Much longer than broad with parallel margins

43
Q

Lobed [leaf]

A

With large, rounded or pointed projections along the leaf margin. Projection formed by indentations of the leaf margin

44
Q

Margin [leaf]

A

The edge, perimeter, or portion forming the outline

45
Q

Midrib [leaf]

A

The large central vein

46
Q

Oblong

A

Longer than wide with nearly parallel sides

47
Q

Obovate

A

Egg-shaped in outline; broadest above the middle

48
Q

Opposite [arrangement of leaves or buds]

A

Directly across from one another on a common axis or twig

49
Q

Oval

A

Somewhat elliptical; less than twice as long as broad

50
Q

Ovate

A

Egg-shaped in outline; broadest below the middle

51
Q

Palmate [leaf or veins]

A

Compound, with leaflets originating at the same point on a common stalk. Veins originating at a common point at the base of leaf blade

52
Q

Panicle

A

A loosely branched, pyramidal cluster of flowers

53
Q

Pendulous

A

Drooping or hanging downward

54
Q

Petiole [leaf]

A

The stalk that supports the leaf blade

55
Q

Pinnate [leaf or vein]

A

Compound, with leaflets along a common rachis or stalk. Veins originating along a common mid-vein

56
Q

Pistillate

A

Containing female portions of flowers, or the pistils

57
Q

Pith

A

The central, soft part of the stem

58
Q

Prickle

A

A small spine-like growth

59
Q

Pseudo-terminal [bud]

A

When the bud on the end of a twig has a leaf scar located directly below

60
Q

Pubescent

A

Covered with hairs

61
Q

Raceme

A

Numerous stalked flowers or fruit along a common axis

62
Q

Ranked [leaves]

A

Arranged in rows or files

63
Q

Samara

A

A winged fruit, e.g. ash, maple

64
Q

Scales [bud]

A

Small, modified leaves on the outer surface of the buds

65
Q

Scales [cone]

A

The basic structures that enclose the seeds

66
Q

Scale-like [leaf]

A

Small, generally overlapping, triangular shaped leaves of some conifers

67
Q

Seed

A

That part of the fruit capable of germinating and producing a new plant

68
Q

Serrate [leaf]

A

Margins with a saw tooth outline. Doubly serrate: with small teeth on the larger teeth

69
Q

Sessile

A

Attached directly by the base without an intervening stalk

70
Q

Shrub

A

A woody, many-stemmed plant, usually under 15 feet in height at maturity, which branches from it’s base

71
Q

Simple [leaf]

A

A single leaf composed or a single blade. Not compound

72
Q

Smooth

A

Without hairs, glands, or any roughness

73
Q

Softwood

A

Term used to describe all needle-leaved trees. These species are typically evergreen, retaining their leaves though two or more growing seasons. Larches, including tamarack, are exceptions, being deciduous “softwoods”

74
Q

Solid [pith]

A

Without cavities or sections separated by discs

75
Q

Spike

A

A flower stalk

76
Q

Staminate

A

Containing male portions of flowers, or the stamens

77
Q

Spinescent

A

Having a spine or spines; or terminating in a spine

78
Q

Spur

A

A short, extremely slow-growing, woody twig projection

79
Q

Stipule

A

A tiny, leafy, sometimes spiny projection arising at the base or a petiole

80
Q

Stomate (Plural is stomata)

A

Small pore on a leaf used for gas exchange

81
Q

Stone

A

The “bony” or stony pit of drupes

82
Q

Style

A

The usually slender part of a pistil, situated between the ovary and the stigma

83
Q

Toothed [leaf]

A

With moderate projections along the margin

84
Q

Tree

A

A woody plant, generally single-stemmed, that reaches a height of more than 15 feet at maturity and has a diameter of 3 inches or more measured at 4.5 feet above ground.

85
Q

Umbel

A

A group of flowers or fruit whose stalks have a common point of attachment

86
Q

Unequal [leaf base]

A

Base parts of blade on either side of midrib are uneven

87
Q

Valve-like [bud scales]

A

Meet at their margins and do not overlap

88
Q

Wavy [leaf margin]

A

Undulating but smooth; not toothed now lobed

89
Q

Whorl [leaves or branches]

A

More than two originating at the same level on a common axis.

Dendrology (4 decks)

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