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UBC PSYC101A > Parts of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Parts of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

The peripheral nervous system is made up of thick bundles of axons, called nerves, carrying messages back and forth between the CNS and the muscles, organs, and senses in the periphery of the body (i.e., everything outside the CNS). The PNS has two major subdivisions: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.

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3
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

associated with conscious or voluntary processes. Motor Neurons and Sensory Neurons

“Each nerve is basically a two-way superhighway, containing thousands of axons, both efferent and afferent.”

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4
Q

Efferent fibers

A

“moving away from” Motor Neurons: nerve fibers which carry instructions from CNS to muscles

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5
Q

Afferent fibers

A

“moving toward” Sensory Neurons: nerve fibers which carry sensory information to the CNS

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6
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

controls internal organs and glands, outside of conscious control.

Can be divided into Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems

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7
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

prepares body for stress related activities (e.g. increase heart rate, dilates pupils, inhibits digestion) one half of homeostatis

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8
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

routine, day to day operations (e.g. slows heart rate, stimulates digestion, contracts bladder, constricts pupils) one half of homeostasis

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9
Q

Spinal Cord is divided into _____ segments which each correspond with a vertebrae

A

30

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10
Q

Automatic Reflex

A

sensory messages that are immediately acted on by a simple processing center in the spinal cord which then initiates a motor command without having to be processed by the brain (e.g. kneejerk, heat recoil)

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11
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

outermost surface part of the brain responsible for higher functioning such as consciousness, thought, emotion, reasoning, language, and memory

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12
Q

Gyri and Sulci

A

Gyri= Bumps Sulci= Grooves

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13
Q

Longitudinal Fissure

A

deepest sulcus dividing the brain into two hemispheres

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14
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

thick band of fibres made up of more than 200 million axons, connecting left and right hemispheres

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15
Q

Forebrain

A 
largest part of brain 
Includes:
\+ Cerebral Cortex
   - Frontal Lobe
   - Parietal Lobe
   - Occipital Lobe
   - Temporal Lobe

+ Sub Cortical Structures:

  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary Gland
  • Limbic System
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16
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Foward part of Forebrain divided from parietal lobe by central sulcus
REASONING, MOTOR CONTROL, EMOTION, LANGUAGE
contains:
+ Motor Cortex
+ Prefrontal Cortex
+ Broca’s Area

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17
Q

Motor Cortex

A

Part of frontal lobe

PLANNING AND COORDINATING MOVEMENT

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18
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

Part of frontal lobe

HIGHER LEVEL COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING

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19
Q

Brocas Area

A

Part of Frontal Lobe

LANGAGE PRODUCTION

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20
Q

Parietal Lobe

A 
Behind Frontal, in front of Occipital lobe on Forebrain
SENSORY PROCESSING
Contains:
 \+Somatosensory Cortex
 \+"Cortical Homunculus"
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21
Q

Temporal Lobe

A 
on sides of Forebrain
HEARING, MEMORY, EMOTION, LANGUAGE
Contains:
  \+Wernicke's Area
  \+Auditory Cortex
22
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

part of temporal lobe

LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION

23
Q

Auditory Cortex

A

part of Temporal Lobe

AUDITORY PROCESSING

24
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

back of Forebrain
Occipital Coretex
VISUAL PROCESSING
organized Retinotopially (object in vision field is represented on same place in occipital cortex)

25
Q

Thalamus

A

one of Subcortical Structures of Forebrain

SENSORY RELAY OF BRAIN (Except smell)

26
Q

Limbic System

A 
one of Subcortical Structures of Forebrain
EMOTION, MEMORY, SMELL
includes:
   \+ Hippocampus
   \+ Amygdala
   \+ Hypothalamus
27
Q

Hippocampus

A

Part of Limbic System > Forebrain

LEARNING, MEMORY

28
Q

Amygdala

A

Part of Limbic System > Forebrain

EMOTION, EMOTIONAL MEANING OF MEMORIES

29
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Part of Limbic System > Forebrain
Interface between Nervous and Endocrine Systems
SEXUAL MOTIVATION/BEHAVIOR, BODY TEMP, APPETITE, BLOOD PRESSURE

30
Q

Midbrain

A

Between Forebrain and Hindbrain. Contains:
+ Reticular Formation
+ Substantia Nigra
+ Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)

31
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Centered in Midbrain

SLEEP WAKE CYCLE, AROUSAL, ALERTNESS, MOTOR ACTIVITY

32
Q

Substantia Nigra

A

part of Midbrain

DOPAMINE PRODUCTION, MOVEMENT, MOOD, REWARD, ADDICTION implicated in Parkinson’s

33
Q

Ventral Tegmental Area

A

part of Midbrain

DOPAMINE PRODUCTION, MOVEMENT, MOOD, REWARD, ADDICTION implicated in Parkinson’s

34
Q

Hindbrain

A 
the deepest part of brain and looks like extension of brain stem
Includes:
  \+ Pons
  \+ Medulla
  \+ Cerebellum
35
Q

Medulla

A

part of Hindbrain
Autonomic Nervous System
BREATHING, BLOOD PRESSURE, HEART RATE

My elen cephalon

36
Q

Pons

A

part of Hindbrain

connects brain and spinal cord, SLEEP BRAIN ACTIVITY

37
Q

Cerebellum

A

part of Hindbrain
50% of neurons, but only 10% of brain volume
BALANCE, COORDINATION, MOTOR SKILLS, PROCEDURAL MEMORY

38
Q

Computerized Tomography (CT Scan)

A

multiple xrays of one part of body, often used for tumors and brain atrophy

39
Q

Positron Emission Tomorgraphy (PET Scan)

A

mildly radioactive tracer is drank or injected. Once in bloodstream, bloodflow to any part of brain can be monitored
- best for showing NT activity, in combo with PET scan

40
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

a person is placed inside a machine that generates a strong magnetic field. The magnetic field causes the hydrogen atoms in the body’s cells to move. When the magnetic field is turned off, the hydrogen atoms emit electromagnetic signals as they return to their original positions. Tissues of different densities give off different signals, which a computer interprets and displays on a monitor.

41
Q

Functional magnetic imaging (fMRI)

A

shows changes in brain activity over time by tracking blood flow and oxygen levels. The fMRI provides more detailed images of the brain’s structure, as well as better accuracy in time, than is possible in PET scans

42
Q

Electroencephalography (EEG)

A

electrode cap reads overall brain activity in both frequency and amplitude. Often used in sleep studies

43
Q

Mes*encephalon

A 
MIDBRAIN
Contains:
Tectum-- dorsal side of midbrain
   - inferior collculi
   - superior collculi
Tegmentum-- ventral side of midbrain
  - reticular formation
  - nuclei controlling eye 
    movements
 - pariaqueductal gray 
   matter
 - red nucleus
 - substantia nigra
 - VTA
44
Q

Di*encephalon

A

FOREBRAIN
contains:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

45
Q

Tel*encephalon

A 
FOREBRAIN
contains:
cerebral cortex
hippocampus
basal ganglia
olfactory bulb
46
Q

Lissencephalic

A

smoothbrained

47
Q

Nuclei/Nucleus

A

can mean cell or GROUP OF NEURONS

48
Q

Gray Matter

A

H-Shaped core of spinal cord
“Grey matter is distinguished from white matter, in that it contains numerous cell bodies and relatively few myelinated axons, while white matter contains relatively very few cell bodies and is composed chiefly of long-range myelinated axon tracts.”

49
Q

White Matter

A

White matter, named for its relatively light appearance resulting from the lipid content of myelin, refers to axon tracts and commissures.

50
Q

Myelen*cephalon

A

Medulla, Hindbrain

51
Q

Periaquductal Gray

A

Gray matter located around cerebral aqueduct within Tegmentum. Control Centre for descending PAIN MODULATION

52
Q

Red Nucleus

A

Structure in Midbrain

MOTOR COORDINATION

UBC PSYC101A (2 decks)

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