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Bio U2 > Parts Of The Cell Notes(Until Plant Vacuoles) > Flashcards

Parts Of The Cell Notes(Until Plant Vacuoles) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane

A

The cell membrane functions in movement of materials in and out of the cell

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2
Q

Cells are surrounded by a thin membrane of 1._____ and 2.______, which scientists today agree upon The 3.___________ Model of membrane structure

A
  1. Lipids
  2. Proteins
  3. Fluid Mosaic
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3
Q

The membrane is composed of side by side ______

**Arranged in a bilayer; consistency of light oil

A

Phospholipids

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4
Q

The solid part/mosaic is the variety of _______ partially or wholly embedded in the bilayer

A

Proteins

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5
Q

Each phospholipid has a 1.__________ tail and a 2.______ head

A
  1. Two fatty acid

2. Phosphate

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6
Q

Where are cell wall’s found

A

They are found in plants and bacteria(and some fungi)

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7
Q

What is a cell wall made up of?

A

300 glucose molecules in a chain, also known as a polysaccharide called cellulose

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8
Q

The cell wall’s function is it provides:

A

Structural Support

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9
Q

The _______ is a large, centrally located organelle surrounded by the nuclear envelope

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

The Nucleus contains genetic information in the form of 1.______, and the (1) is contained by a number of chromosomes

A

DNA

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11
Q

Chromosomes consist of…..(1)

The combination of DNA and histone proteins is known as (2)

A

(1) Chromosomes consist of long strands of DNA tightly wound into coils with proteins called histones
(2) Chromatin

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12
Q

Chromosomes function in packaging of DNA during cell division and control of ___________ synthesis

A

Protein and Lipid

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13
Q

The function of the Nucleus is:

A

It determines the metabolism(sum of all chemical reactions in the body), growth rate, shape, function of the cell, and cell reproduction

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14
Q

The _______ ______ is a double membrane (2 phospholipid bilayers thick) that has pores in it for molecules to enter and exit

A

Nuclear envelope

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15
Q

The nuclear envelope is very porous and is a continuation of the membranes of the……

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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16
Q

What do nuclear pores do?

A

They allow selected molecules into and out of the nucleus. It is also believed that these pores are the routes by which genetic messages in the form or messenger RNA (mRNA) pass into the cytoplasm

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17
Q

What: Stains dark, is within the nucleus, synthesizes and stores the two subunits of ribosomal ribonucleic acid(rRNA)

A

Nucleoli

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18
Q

The ___________ _________ is a system of membranous TUBULAR CANALS that begins just outside the nucleus and branches throughout the cytoplasm

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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19
Q

If ribosomes are attached to the ER, it is called?

A

Rough ER

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20
Q

What is the function of rough er

A

protein synthesis

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21
Q

If there are no ribosomes attached to the er, it is called?

A

Smooth ER

22
Q

What is the function of the smooth ER

A

It is for the synthesis of lipids

23
Q

What are lipids required for?

A

Lipids are required for the growth of the cell membrane and for the membranes of the organelles within the cell and often are used to make sex hormones and to detoxify drugs and chemicals in the cell (takes place in vesicles often attached to smooth er)

24
Q

What two main components of membranes throughout the cell are synthesized in the smooth er

A

Phospholipids and cholesterol

25
Q

What do Er membranes provide?

A

An increase in surface area where chemical reactions can occur (due to numerous folds)

26
Q

What do the channels of the ER provide?

A

Provide both storage sites for products synthesized by the cell and transportation routes through which material can travel through other parts of the cell

27
Q

The ____ is also the cell’s membrane factory

A

ER

28
Q

Most proteins leave the ER when they are still not mature. They must undergo further processing in another organelle, ___ ______ ______, before they are ready to perform their functions within or outside the cell

A

Golgi Apparatus

29
Q

Ribosomes consist of r___ and ______

A

rRNA and Protein

30
Q

each ribosome is made of ___ non-identical subunits, one which is ____ and another which is _____

A

2
Large
Small

31
Q

What journey does rRNA go through?

A

rRNA is produced in the nucleolus and joined with proteins, they then migrate through the nuclear pore to the cytoplasm for final assembly

32
Q

_____ attach themselves to the endoplasmic reticulum, specifically the rough ER

A

Ribosomes

33
Q

What are ribosomes used for?

A

Protein Synthesis

34
Q

What are Polysomes/Polyribosomes

A

They are free-floating structures within the cytoplasm

35
Q

What do polysomes produce

A

Proteins, which are used inside the cell

Consists of clusters of ribosomes bunched together, each of which is synthesizing the same type of protein

36
Q

What is Golgi Apparatus named after?

A

It is named after an Italian anatomist of the 19th century

37
Q

What is a Golgi Apparatus

A

It is stacks of flattened, hollow cavities enclosed by membranes, often continuous with the membranes of the ER

38
Q

The Golgi Apparatus appears near….

A

The nucleus and ER

39
Q

The Golgi Apparatus is made of a half dozen or more ______

A

Saccules

40
Q

Each sac in the organelle contains _______ that modify proteins as they pass through function:

A

enzymes

41
Q

Golgi apparatus functions in ________________________

A

in modifying, packaging, secreting, transporting, and labelling of substances.

42
Q

What happens within the Golgi Apparatus

A

Proteins are sorted out, labeled, and packaged into vesicles

43
Q

Vesicles in the Golgi Apparatus pinch off the outer surface of the saccules. Where do the vesicles go?

A 
transported
where needed
within the cell, or
moved to cell
membrane for
external use by
exocytosis
44
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

A small vacuole

45
Q

How will vacuoles and vesicles be formed?

A

by pinching off from the endoplasmic reticulum & Golgi apparatus or pinching off of the cell membrane

46
Q

What are the vacuoles/vesicles extended from sometimes?

A

extension of the ER membrane (for example, the large central vacuole of a plant cell).

47
Q

What is the function of the vacuoles?

A

For storage and transportation of materials (enzymes, proteins, hormones)

48
Q

vesicles which take products out of the cell are called?

A

Secretory Vesicles

49
Q

How many central vacuoles may plants have?

A

One

50
Q

The Plant Cell Vacuole functions in:(3 storages)

A

Water Storage
Nutrient Storage
Waste Storage

51
Q

cell support through ______ pressure. When filled, the plant cells stay rigid.

A

Turgor

Bio U2 (4 decks)

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