parts of the cell notes pt 2.

Question 1

what is a lysosome?

Answer 1

a special vesicle which is formed by the golgi apparatus

Question 2

what is lysosomes function?

Answer 2

cellular division, digestion/disposal of damaged cell components, also helps destroy invading bacteria

Question 3

what two digestive processes do lysosomes perform?

Answer 3

phagocytosis “cell eating” and pinocytosis “cell drinking”

Question 4

what is the mitochondria surrounded by?

Answer 4

a double-layered membrane

Question 5

how many membranes does the mitochondria have?

Answer 5

two: inner and outer

Question 6

what does the inner layer membrane of the mitochondria look like?

Answer 6

the inner layer is convoluted into shelf-like folds called cristae

Question 7

where is ATP produced?

Answer 7

on the cristae within the mitochondria

Question 8

what is the cytoplasm with the mitochondria called?

Answer 8

matrix

Question 9

what is the mitochondria’s function?

Answer 9

cellular respiration; converts glucose to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 10

where are plastids found?

Answer 10

plant cells only

Question 11

what is the most prominent plastid?

Answer 11

chloroplast

Question 12

what are chloroplasts?

Answer 12

double-membrane bound organelles, where photosynthesis occurs.

Question 13

what are centrioles?

Answer 13

two cylindrical bodies (in animal cells) located near the nucleus

Question 14

how do centrioles appear?

Answer 14

in pairs, at right angles to eachother

Question 15

what do centrioles look like?

Answer 15

short cylinders with a circular pattern of micro tubular triplets.

Question 16

functions of centrioles:

Answer 16

give rise to basal bodies, assist in the formation of the spindle apparatus in cell division

Question 17

what is the cytoskeleton useful for?

Answer 17

help to maintain shape, anchor organelles, or help organelles move

Question 18

what are the primary constituents of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 18

microtubules and actin filaments

Question 19

what are microtubules?

Answer 19

hollow, cylinder aggregates that help give the cell shape and form

Question 20

what are microtubules made up of?

Answer 20

13 rows of tubular proteins arranged to from the hollow tube

Question 21

what are microtubules’ functions?

Answer 21

moves materials within the cell, cell movement, cytoskeleton structure

Question 22

what are microfilaments?

Answer 22

long, thin, contractile rods

Question 23

what are microfilaments made up of?

Answer 23

actin or myosin proteins, proteins responsible for muscle contractions.
double filaments arranged in a helical pattern

Question 24

what are the microfilaments functions?

Answer 24

anchoring organelles, moving organelles, cell movement, and cytoskeleton structure

Question 25

what are cilia?

Answer 25

short, hair-like projections. consists of a membrane-bound cylinder

Question 26

what is the cilias function?

Answer 26

cell movement

Question 27

true or false:

cilia are longer than flagella

Answer 27

false; they are shorter