parts of the cell notes pt 2. Flashcards
what is a lysosome?
a special vesicle which is formed by the golgi apparatus
what is lysosomes function?
cellular division, digestion/disposal of damaged cell components, also helps destroy invading bacteria
what two digestive processes do lysosomes perform?
phagocytosis “cell eating” and pinocytosis “cell drinking”
what is the mitochondria surrounded by?
a double-layered membrane
how many membranes does the mitochondria have?
two: inner and outer
what does the inner layer membrane of the mitochondria look like?
the inner layer is convoluted into shelf-like folds called cristae
where is ATP produced?
on the cristae within the mitochondria
what is the cytoplasm with the mitochondria called?
matrix
what is the mitochondria’s function?
cellular respiration; converts glucose to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
where are plastids found?
plant cells only
what is the most prominent plastid?
chloroplast
what are chloroplasts?
double-membrane bound organelles, where photosynthesis occurs.
what are centrioles?
two cylindrical bodies (in animal cells) located near the nucleus
how do centrioles appear?
in pairs, at right angles to eachother
what do centrioles look like?
short cylinders with a circular pattern of micro tubular triplets.
functions of centrioles:
give rise to basal bodies, assist in the formation of the spindle apparatus in cell division
what is the cytoskeleton useful for?
help to maintain shape, anchor organelles, or help organelles move
what are the primary constituents of the cytoskeleton?
microtubules and actin filaments
what are microtubules?
hollow, cylinder aggregates that help give the cell shape and form
what are microtubules made up of?
13 rows of tubular proteins arranged to from the hollow tube
what are microtubules’ functions?
moves materials within the cell, cell movement, cytoskeleton structure
what are microfilaments?
long, thin, contractile rods
what are microfilaments made up of?
actin or myosin proteins, proteins responsible for muscle contractions.
double filaments arranged in a helical pattern
what are the microfilaments functions?
anchoring organelles, moving organelles, cell movement, and cytoskeleton structure
