Parts of the brain Flashcards
Which parts of the body does the central nervous system cover?
Brain and spinal cord
Which parts of the body does the peripheral nervous system cover? And what 2 types are there
All nerves outside the Central nervous system. These are then further broken down in 2 types:
1) somatic
2) automatic
Define clinical method and who created it
Involves studying the behavioural result of the brain injury
who? Paul Broca
Name the procedure performed after death to identify injuries to areas though to be responsible got behavioural conditions existing before death?
Posthumus examination
Name the 5 areas of the CORTEX and their functions
1) Broca’s area: The speech centre
2) Frontal lobe: involved in movement, problem solving, decision making, inhibition, basically everything critical thinking
3) parietal lobe: involved in sense of touch, spatial ability, attention
4) Occipital lobe: involved in vision, edge detection, shape, form
5) Temporal lobe: involved in memory, hearing, language and complex vision
Which part of the cortex is involved in complex vision such as recognizing faces?
Temporal lobe specifically the Fusiform Gyrus
What is the condition where you cannot recognize faces?
Prosopagnosia
Name the 3 areas of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES and their functions
1) Cerebrum: composed of 2 cerebral hemispheres
2) Corpus callosum: Connection that separates the hemispheres
3) Cerebral cortex: Covers the cerebral hemispheres and is responsible for higher mental processes(language, memory, thinking)
Which one of the three cerebral hemispheres is responsible for higher mental processes and is compared to the bark of a tree?
The cerebral cortex
Why was Einstein’s Brian so fascinating?
Einstein’s brain didn’t have more or larger neurons like most people thought BUT INSTEAD he had a greater concentration of glial cells than the average brain
Name the 3 parts of the brainstem and their functions
1) medulla
2) pons
3) reticular formation
1) Medulla: controls autonomic functions such as heart rate, breathing, swallowing, puking, coughing
2) pons: responsible for facial movement and touch sensations of the face AND also responsible for sleep/dreaming
3) Reticular formation: regulates attention, arousal and alertness
Which portion of the brainstem is responsible for keeping us paralyzed during REM sleep( dreams) and where is it located?
The locus coeruleus is responsible and it is located in the pons
Name the 4 parts of the limbic system and its role.
1) amygdala
2) hippocampus
3) thalamus
4) hypothalamus
1) Amygdala: involved in fear and aggression. also responsible for EMOTIONAL MEMORIES
2) Hippocampus : process memory.
3) Thalamus: brains sensory switchboard
4) Hypothalamus: regulates hunger, thirst, body temperature and sexual behaviour
Describe what happens when we remove and stimulate the Amygdala
remove amygdala = mellow
stimulate amygdala = rage or fear
What happens when the Hippocampus is damaged?
Prevents new memories to form but old memories stay intact
Name the 4 functions of the cerebellum
1) processing sensory input and coordinating movement and balance and learning motor skills
2) discriminating sounds, music
3) spatial reasoning, linguistic abilities
4) sensory systems, memory
Name the 2 types of memories
1) implicit: unconsciously and effortless such as singing to lyrics
2) procedural memory: how to perform different actions and skills such as tying shoes, riding a bike, cooking etc..
Name the 6 types of brain mapping
1) EEG : measures electrical activity (helmet thing)
2) MRI: measures release of energy from water in tic cues following exposure to magnetic field
3) PET: measures changes in brain activity after consumption of sugar.
4) fMRI : just a regular MRI with blood oxygen changes
5) CAT: 3D reconstruction of the brain
6) TMS: applies strong magnetic field to enhance or interrupt a part of the brain
Split brain. is it possible? if so explain why?
It is a myth to be left or right brain sided. Many multi-talented people exists.
What does the left hemisphere injury impair?
Reading, writing, speaking, math
Which hemisphere is able to see but not speak verbally?
Right side
Which hemisphere did the chapter 3 video say to not leave home without?
Left hemisphere
