Parts of speech Flashcards
Nouns
Name a person, place, thing or idea (lady, road, tree)
Types of nouns:
Proper
Abstract
Concrete
Proper noun:
Names of people/places (e.g. Simon, Peru, Paris)
Abstract nouns:
States, feelings and concepts that do not have a physical existence. (hope, love, jealousy)
Concrete nouns:
Objects that have a physical existence
Pronouns
Take the place of a noun (he, she, it, you, we)
Types of pronouns:
Personal
Demonstrative
Indefinite
Personal pronouns:
Refer to people and differentiated in terms of person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular or plural), and gender (male or female)
I (1st person - Singular)
We (1st person - plural)
You (2nd person - singular/plural)
He (3rd person - singular/masculine)
Demonstrative pronouns:
Orientate the reader or listener towards a person, object or idea either nearby or far away
(this, these, that, those)
Indefinite pronouns:
Refer to a person, object or idea that is non-specific (someone, anybody, everything)
Verbs
Express an action or state of being (ran, flew, trips, was, is, showed, jumps)
Types of verbs
Material
Relational
Mental
Verbal
Material verbs:
Shows actions or events (hit, kiss, wash, build)
Relational verbs:
Identify properties or show states of being (be, appear, seem, become)
Mental verbs:
Show internal processes i.e thinking (think, believe, wish)
Verbal verbs:
Show external processes of communication via speech (say, shout, whisper, exclaim)
Adjectives
Describe a noun (new, shiny, fat, thorough, funny)
Adverbs
Describe or modify a verb, adjective or another adverb (quickly, repeatedly, precisely)
(Often end in ly)
Types of adjectives/adverbs
Base
Comparative
Superlative
Base adjective/adverb:
The basic form of an adjective or adverb, modifying another word (big, interesting, carefully)
Comparative adjective/adverb:
A form used to compare two instances either adding -‘er or using ‘more’ (the parcel was bigger, that was a more interesting game, he read more carefully)
Superlative adjective/adverb:
A fork used to compare more than two instances, identifying the best example (that was the biggest parcel, the most interesting game, it was the most carefully she had ever read)
Prepositions
Establish a relationship between the noun and the rest of the sentence (over, around, through, during, according to, above, beside)
Types of prepositions
Simple
Compound
Double
Participle
Phrase
Simple preposition:
Shows the relationship between the noun and other parts of the sentence, often describe position,time, and manner (on, at, in, through, under, between)
Compound preposition:
Created by combining a simple preposition with a noun, adjective or adverb (beside, about, across, among, without, inside, outside)
Double preposition:
Two prepositions used together (out of, from behind, up to, because of, according to)
Participle preposition:
Adding verbs used as prepositions within the sentence (including, following, during, considering, barring)
Phrase preposition:
Phrases including a preposition which acts as a preposition within a sentence (on behalf of, in regards to, on account of)
Conjunctions
Connect words, phrases and clauses (and, but, or, nor, however, moreover)
Types of conjunctions
Coordinating
Subordinating
Coordinating conjunctions:
Link words or larger structures such as phrases and clauses together (and, but, or, yet)
Subordinating conjunctions:
Link clauses together to show one is dependent on another (because, although, while, for)
Interjections
Express surprise or other emotions (ouch! Eeek! Ow! Yikes! Hooray!)
(usually have an exclamation point)
Articles
Help define nouns (the, an, a)
