parts of brain/lobes Flashcards
Brain is composed of which three lobes
- cerebrum 2. cerebellum 3. brainstem
The cerebrum is divided into how many parts
right and left hemisphere joined by a bundle of fibers called crepes callous that transmits messages from one side to another
each hemisphere have four lobes
- frontal, temporal, parental and occipital
Frontal lobe controls
- personality, behavior and emotions
- judgement, planning, problem solving
- speech: speaking and writing (Broca’s area)
- body movement (motor strip)
- Intelligence, concentration and self awareness
Parietal Lobe controls
- interprets language and words
- sense of touch, pain, temperature (sensory strip)
- interprets signals from vision, hearing, motor, sensory and memory
- Spatial and visual perception
Occipital lobe
Interprets vision (color, light, movement)
Temporal lobe
- understands language (wernicke’s area)
- memory
- hearing
- sequencing and organization
In general the left hemisphere is called the
dominant hemisphere responsible for language and speech
In general the right hemisphere is responsible for
interpreting visual and spatial processing (artist/creative people)
aphasia is a disturbance of what?
language affecting speech production, comprehension, reading and writing. Type of aphasia depends of part of brain that is damaged
Broca’s area lies where? If damaged what is affected?
Left frontal lobe. It is an area of articulation. Affects moving tongue /facial muscles that produce/articilate speech, person can still read and understand spoken language but has difficulty speaking and writing (because can’t come up with words)
Wernicke’s area is located where? and what is affected when this part of brain is damaged?
lies in left temporal lobe-damage is this area cause aphasia, may speak in sentences that have no meaning, add unnecessary words, can make speech sounds but may have difficulty understanding speech and therefore unaware of their mistakes
what is the surface of cerebellum called
the cortex
What does cortex do and look like
it appears as hills and valleys in folded manner. Contains 16 billions neurons and has grey/brown appearance which is why its called grey matter.
beneath cortex is what
axons that connect brain areas to each other called white matter
What do the folded area of cortex do
increase brain surface allowing for more neurons to fit enabling higher functions.
each cortex fold is called a
Gyrus
each groove between cortex fold is called
sulcus
hypothalamus
located floor of third ventricle, responsible for autonomic system and controls behaviors, hunger, thirst, sleep, sexual response. Regulates body temperature, blood pressure, emotions and secretion of hormones.
pituitary gland
lies in small pocket of bone at skull base. It is connected to hypothalumus of the brain by the pituitary stalk known as the master glad. It controls endocrine glands and secretes hormones of sexual development, promote bone and muscle growth and responsible to stress.
pineal glad
located third ventricle. Regulates body internal clock and circadian rhythms by secreting melatonin. some role in sexual development
thalamus
serves as a relay station for almost all information that comes and goes from cortex. Plays a role in pain, sensation, attention, alertness and memory
Basal ganglia
(includes caudate, putamen and globes pallid us) Works with cerebellum to coordinate fine motor
limbic system
center of emotions, learning, memory (included in this system is cingulate, gyre, hypothalamus, amygdala (emotional reactions) and hippocampus (memory)
