cranial nerves

Question 1

I

Answer 1

olfactory Nerve

sense of smell (sensory)

Question 2

II

Answer 2

Optic Nerve

Vision (sensory)

Question 3

III

Answer 3

oculomotor Nerve

pupil constriction-moves (Motor)

Question 4

IV

Answer 4

trochlear Nerve
controls one single muscle of eye (superior oblique) movement up and down
(Motor). The muscle keeps eyes from rolling up into eye socket. Damage to this area results in palsy when eye rolls up. Causes diplopia.
The most common causes of palsy: congenital, trauma or microvascular.
acute palsy- last weeks to few months and often from head trauma

symptoms may resolve on own after lesions improve etc, otherwise may benefit from prism treatment.

Question 5

V

Answer 5

trigeminal Nerve of the face (most complex of cranial nerves). It is located in three zones (mandibular, maxillary and ophthalmic nerves).
Involves both Motor (chewing, biting) and Sensory (facial sensation)

Question 6

VI

Answer 6

abducens Nerve (abd-think OUT) 
(Motor) Controls eye movement from side to side
Damage " Cross eye", one eye may not move to side ( stays in middle) or double vision. (Get a spinal tap)
Causes vascular, High inter cranial pressure

Question 7

VII

Answer 7

Facial Nerve
Both Motor (facial expression) And Sensory (taste)
This nerve emerges from Pons of brainstem, has 2/3 of anterior tongue and controls muscle of facial expression.

damage: facial palsy (flattening of nasal labial groove) Can be upper or lower, lower, muscle of forehead spared. Close eyes and try to force open,
Muscles lower half by showing teeth, pushing check

Question 8

VIII

Answer 8

vesti-bulocochlear Nerve (Cochlear nerve transmits sound and vestibular which controls balance)
Sensory (Hearing-auditory)

check this nerve by performing Rinne test and Weber test

Rinne test- Use tuning fork, place on mastoid process and ask to indicate when they no longer here sound and then move to front of ear to see if they can still here. Normal means air conduction should be longer meaning you should still be able to hear sound in 2nd step even when you no longer hear in 1st step. Rinne Negative means abnormal hear when bone conduction longer than air. Rinne positive means air conduction louder than bone (this is normal finding) Do webers test first and use rinse to see if conductive or sensory motor.

Weber test-Place tuning fork in middle head and ask if they hear it louder one side. Normal sounds should be equal in both ears. If one side is louder then you still need to find out if conductive hearing loss of same side or sensory hearing loss of opposite side.

Whisper test-cover up opposite ear and stand behind ear you are checking

Question 9

IX

Answer 9

glossy-pharyngeal Nerve
It is both motor (swallowing) and sensory (salvation). Also has parasympathetic functions. Originates from medulla oblongata and terminates in pharynx.

damage may results in loss of taste from posterior (1/3) tongue
trouble swallowing
decreased sensation to back of tongue, soft palate and pharynx
diminished gag reflex
Uvula deviation to opposite side of damage because the muscles of damaged are weak.

Question 10

X

Answer 10

vagus Nerve
both motor (vocal fold vibration) and sensory ( chest/abdomen pain)

heart rate and digestion (vagus nerve runs down stomach) why we make you crouch forward

Question 11

XI

Answer 11

Accessory Nerve

Motor (head, neck, shoulder movement)

Question 12

XII

Answer 12

Hypo-glossal Nerve
Motor nerve (controls tongue movement)

Question 13

Mnemonic cranial nerves

Answer 13

On Old Olympus Towering Tops a Finn and German Viewed some Hops.