Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell Flashcards
What is the cell membrane?
A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells
What does the cell membrane regulate?
What enters and exits the cell
What is another name for the cell membrane?
The plasma membrane
What are the lipids of the cell membrane called?
Phospholipids
What is the main function of the cell wall?
Provide shape to the cell
What does the cell wall guard against?
Water loss
Difference between plant and fungi wall:
Fungi Wall: Protects inside of cell from outside of cell
Plant Wall: Made of cellulose, provides structure and support
What is the cytoskeleton?
A complex network of protein filaments
Is the cytoskeleton on organelle?
No!!
What are the three filaments that make up the cytoskeleton?
- Actin filaments
- Microtubes
- Intermediate filaments
What does the cytoplasm do?
Hold all of the components of the cell
Where does metabolism occur?
In the cytoplasm
What two parts of the cell are not in the cytoplasm, and are separately enclosed?
Nucleus and Mitochondria
Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?
No!!!!
What does the nucleus contain?
Chromosomes
What is the sub-organelle of the nucleus?
The Nucleolus
What action takes place in the nucleolus?
Ribosomes begin to be assembled
Ribosomes are 50% ___ and 50% ___.
rRNA, proteins
Where does protein synthesis begin?
The ribosomes
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The internal membrane system
Where is the endoplasmic reticulum located in the cell?
Near the Golgi Apparatus
Where does the second stage of protein synthesis occur?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Where does the third stage of protein synthesis occur?
The Golgi Apparatus
Who is the Golgi Apparatus named after?
Scientist Camillo Golgi
What does the Golgi Apparatus do?
Package and process proteins for future use OR release proteins from cell
What shape is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Tube-like
What does the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum do?
- Synthesize lipids
- Store calcium
- Make carbohydrates
What are vacuoles in plant cells called?
Sap vacuoles
How many vacuoles per plant cell?
One
What is the largest organelle?
The vacuole, which takes up up to 90% of the cell
What is the membrane of the vacuole called?
The tonoplast
What keeps the vacuole rigid?
Turgor Pressure
How does the vacuole help maintain water balance?
By pumping excess water out of the cell
In animal cells, what does the vacuole store?
Water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
What type of vacuole takes water and pushes it out of the cell?
Contractile vacuole
What does the lysosome do?
- Breakdown macromolecules
- Respond to foreign substances
- Break down waste within cell
The lysosome is ____ shaped and filled with ____.
Sphere, hydraulic enzymes
What do vesicles do?
Transport materials within or outside of the cell
What are the three types of vesicles?
- Transport
- Secretory
- Extracellular
What do vesicles do to toxins?
Absorb and destroy them
The transport of vesicles in the cell is directed by the ___.
Golgi Bodies
What do transport vesicles do?
Move materials within the cell
What do secretory vesicles do?
Bring molecules outside of the cell
What do extracellular vesicles do?
Bring materials from one cell to another. These can form when a cell dies.
How many membranes do mitochondria have?
2
What are the membranes of Mitochondria?
Inner and outer
What is the Mitochondria?
The powerhouse of the cell
What does the Mitochondria turn glucose into?
ATP
Equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight energy –> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O
What are fungi cell walls made of?
Chitin
What do ribosomes sometimes connect to?
The endoplasmic reticulum
What color is the cytoplasm?
Colorless (Clear)
Centrioles
Special part of the cytoskeleton, only found in animal cells
What is the membrane that surrounds the nucleus?
The nuclear envelope
