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Biology > Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell > Flashcards

Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells

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2
Q

What does the cell membrane regulate?

A

What enters and exits the cell

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3
Q

What is another name for the cell membrane?

A

The plasma membrane

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4
Q

What are the lipids of the cell membrane called?

A

Phospholipids

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5
Q

What is the main function of the cell wall?

A

Provide shape to the cell

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6
Q

What does the cell wall guard against?

A

Water loss

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7
Q

Difference between plant and fungi wall:

A

Fungi Wall: Protects inside of cell from outside of cell
Plant Wall: Made of cellulose, provides structure and support

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8
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

A complex network of protein filaments

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9
Q

Is the cytoskeleton on organelle?

A

No!!

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10
Q

What are the three filaments that make up the cytoskeleton?

A
  1. Actin filaments
  2. Microtubes
  3. Intermediate filaments
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11
Q

What does the cytoplasm do?

A

Hold all of the components of the cell

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12
Q

Where does metabolism occur?

A

In the cytoplasm

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13
Q

What two parts of the cell are not in the cytoplasm, and are separately enclosed?

A

Nucleus and Mitochondria

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14
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

No!!!!

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15
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

Chromosomes

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16
Q

What is the sub-organelle of the nucleus?

A

The Nucleolus

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17
Q

What action takes place in the nucleolus?

A

Ribosomes begin to be assembled

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18
Q

Ribosomes are 50% ___ and 50% ___.

A

rRNA, proteins

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19
Q

Where does protein synthesis begin?

A

The ribosomes

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20
Q

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

The internal membrane system

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21
Q

Where is the endoplasmic reticulum located in the cell?

A

Near the Golgi Apparatus

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22
Q

Where does the second stage of protein synthesis occur?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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23
Q

Where does the third stage of protein synthesis occur?

A

The Golgi Apparatus

24
Q

Who is the Golgi Apparatus named after?

A

Scientist Camillo Golgi

25
Q

What does the Golgi Apparatus do?

A

Package and process proteins for future use OR release proteins from cell

26
Q

What shape is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Tube-like

27
Q

What does the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum do?

A
  1. Synthesize lipids
  2. Store calcium
  3. Make carbohydrates
28
Q

What are vacuoles in plant cells called?

A

Sap vacuoles

29
Q

How many vacuoles per plant cell?

A

One

30
Q

What is the largest organelle?

A

The vacuole, which takes up up to 90% of the cell

31
Q

What is the membrane of the vacuole called?

A

The tonoplast

32
Q

What keeps the vacuole rigid?

A

Turgor Pressure

33
Q

How does the vacuole help maintain water balance?

A

By pumping excess water out of the cell

34
Q

In animal cells, what does the vacuole store?

A

Water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

35
Q

What type of vacuole takes water and pushes it out of the cell?

A

Contractile vacuole

36
Q

What does the lysosome do?

A
  1. Breakdown macromolecules
  2. Respond to foreign substances
  3. Break down waste within cell
37
Q

The lysosome is ____ shaped and filled with ____.

A

Sphere, hydraulic enzymes

38
Q

What do vesicles do?

A

Transport materials within or outside of the cell

39
Q

What are the three types of vesicles?

A
  1. Transport
  2. Secretory
  3. Extracellular
40
Q

What do vesicles do to toxins?

A

Absorb and destroy them

41
Q

The transport of vesicles in the cell is directed by the ___.

A

Golgi Bodies

42
Q

What do transport vesicles do?

A

Move materials within the cell

43
Q

What do secretory vesicles do?

A

Bring molecules outside of the cell

44
Q

What do extracellular vesicles do?

A

Bring materials from one cell to another. These can form when a cell dies.

45
Q

How many membranes do mitochondria have?

A

2

46
Q

What are the membranes of Mitochondria?

A

Inner and outer

47
Q

What is the Mitochondria?

A

The powerhouse of the cell

48
Q

What does the Mitochondria turn glucose into?

A

ATP

49
Q

Equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight energy –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

50
Q

Equation for cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O

51
Q

What are fungi cell walls made of?

A

Chitin

52
Q

What do ribosomes sometimes connect to?

A

The endoplasmic reticulum

53
Q

What color is the cytoplasm?

A

Colorless (Clear)

54
Q

Centrioles

A

Special part of the cytoskeleton, only found in animal cells

55
Q

What is the membrane that surrounds the nucleus?

A

The nuclear envelope

Biology (15 decks)

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