Parts of a Cell Flashcards
Three Parts of the cell theory
- All living things are made up of cells
- They are the basic unit of structure and function in living things (smallest working building block)
- New cells come from existing cells
- Have no nucleus 4. make up unicellular organisms
- have no membrane bound organelles
- Small, Simple -> 1st cells on earth 5. live anywhere even extreme places
Prokaryote
- Have nucleus 4. make up multicellular organisms
- have many membrane bound organelles
- larger- more complex 5. can live almost anywhere except extreme
Eukaryote
semi- fluid, jelly-like substance that fills in all spaces in an organelle and suspends all other organelles
Cytoplasm
surrounded by a double membrane and contains the cells DNA
Nucleus
The double membrane surrounding the nucleus
nuclear envelope
DNA is cut up into pieces called
chromatin
with the help of RNA ___ make proteins (protein factory)
Ribosomes
system of tubes and channels in the cytoplasm that makes lipid components of the cell membrane and modifies proteins for export from the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
ER with ribosomes attached to it for easy modification of proteins
Rough ER
ER without ribosomes attached
Smooth ER
series of membrane sacs that modify, sort, and package proteins and other substances from ER for storage in cell or exocytosis
Golgi Apparatus
small sac filled with enzymes that: breaks down carbs breaks down and recycles old organelles and if it ruptures it will kill the cell
Lysosome
vesicle or sac for the storage of water, enzymes, salts, proteins, etc.
Vacuole
double bound membrane organelle in which cellular respiration occurs - turns chem. energy in food into free energy - powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
double membrane bound organelle that traps light energy and changes it to chem. (food) through photosynthesis
Chloroplast
a network of very fine protein fibers in the cytoplasm organize and help give cells its shape - holds organelles in place and helps things move around the cell
Cytoskeleton
thread like proteins that support the cells
Microfilaments
hollow structures made of protein that helps cells keep its shape
Microtubules
Whip like tail on some cells which use energy to move some cells
Flagella
Small hairs that tend to cover the cells and move together in a whipping action to move the cell or materials along the cells
Cilia
Thin flexible semi-permable phospholipid bilayer that the cell
Cell Membrane
Surrounds certain cells and provides support and protection for them
Cell Wall
