Bio Final 2017

Question 1

Haploid Cells

Answer 1

Gametes that only contain one set of chromosomes

Question 2

Diploid Cells

Answer 2

Cells that contain both sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 3

Steps of Meiosis

Answer 3

IPMAT-PMAT

Question 4

Interphase

Answer 4

cells form and duplicate chromosomes

Question 5

Prophase

Answer 5

Each chromosome pairs with corresponding chromosome to form a tetrad

Question 6

Metaphase

Answer 6

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and spindle fibers attach

Question 7

Anaphase

Answer 7

fibers pull chromosomes to opposite sides of cell

Question 8

Telophase

Answer 8

nuclear membranes form

Question 9

Cytokinesis

Answer 9

cells splits into 2 cells

Question 10

Mitosis

Answer 10

cell division of body cells that results in 2 diploid cells

Question 11

Meiosis

Answer 11

division of sex cells that result in 4 haploid cells

Question 12

Gregor Mendel

Answer 12

Father of heredity - worked with pea plants

Question 13

Homozygous

Answer 13

When both alleles are the same (GG, gg)

Question 14

Heterozygous

Answer 14

When the two alleles for a trait are different (Gg)

Question 15

Genotype

Answer 15

The genetic makeup of an individual for a certain trait (Gg)

Question 16

Phenotype

Answer 16

What the individual physically looks like (blue)

Question 17

Punnett Squares

Answer 17

Used to predict and compare and compare genetic variations

Question 18

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 18

Alleles for one trait segregate independently of alleles for other traits

Question 19

Law of Segregation

Answer 19

Allele pairs separate during gamete formation and then come together randomly

Question 20

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 20

When the phenotype of a heterozygote is an intermediate between the two parents (Red x White = Pink)

Question 21

Codominant

Answer 21

When both phenotypes appear in heterozygotes (Black x White = Black w/ white)

Question 22

Multiple Alleles

Answer 22

When one trait is controlled by multiple alleles

Question 23

Polygenic Traits

Answer 23

Traits controlled by two or more genes

Question 24

Identifying Sex

Answer 24

Males XY Females XX

Question 25

Pedigree Chart

Answer 25

A diagram showing the relationships within a family

Question 26

Nondisjunction

Answer 26

Failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis _ causes genetic disorders

Question 27

Messenger RNA

Answer 27

carries the DNA message from the nucleus to the Ribosomes

Question 28

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 28

found in the ribosomes and translates the message in mRNA

Question 29

Transfer RNA

Answer 29

carries amino acids to the ribosome

Question 30

Transcription

Answer 30

process of making mRNA from DNA (happens in nucleus) `

Question 31

Translation

Answer 31

Converting message from mRNA into a chain of amino acids, then a protein (occurs in cytoplasm)

Question 32

Bottleneck effect

Answer 32

an event (hunting or natural disaster) drastically reduces the size of a population

Question 33

Temporal Isolation

Answer 33

reproducing at different times in different places

Question 34

Linnaeus’ Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 34

Genus species = Homo sapiens (italicized or underlined)

Question 35

Three domains

Answer 35

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Question 36

Structure of a virus

Answer 36

Nucleic acid, Capsid - protein coat, Sometimes lipids

Question 37

Lytic Infections

Answer 37

viral DNA takes over a cells machinery and destroys susceptible cells when the cell lyses (breaks open)

Question 38

Lysogenic Infection

Answer 38

Virus insterts DNA into into bacteria cells and replicate each time it’s host does

Question 39

Commensalism

Answer 39

one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

Question 40

Primary Succession

Answer 40

succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists

Question 41

Secondary Succession

Answer 41

succession that occurs on surfaces on soil

Question 42

Ozone depletion

Answer 42

holes in the ozone layer made by use of human