Parts Flashcards
As applies to conformation, define dock.
To shorten or remove all or part of the tail.
Describe a ring tail.
Carried up and around almost in a circle
A bite in which the outer side of the lower incisors touches the inner side of the upper incisors is called a ________ bite.
Scissors.
Name the type of foot on which the two center digits are longer than the outside toes, and the arching of the toes is less marked, making the foot appear longer overall.
Harefoot.
Describe the coat color sable.
Coat color produced by black-tipped hairs on a background of silver, gold, gray, fawn, or brown
What is the term for an eye with a whitish iris?
Walleye, blue eye, fisheye, or pearl eye.
A ____ ear is an erect ear, rather broad at the base, rounded at the top, and with an orifice directly to the front.
Bat.
Regarding coat markings, what are Kiss Marks?
Tan spots on the cheeks and over the eyes.
True or False: Bloom is the sheen of a coat in prime condition.
TRUE
What is the term for the extra claw, or toe, on the inside of the leg?
Dewclaw
Describe a dog that is flat sided.
Ribs insufficiently rounded as they approach the sternum or breastbone.
True or False: Flying ears are ears that should be drop or semi-prick, but instead stand or fly.
True.
Regarding conformation, describe a fiddle front.
Forelegs out at the elbows, pasterns close, and the feet turned out. French front.
As applies to haircoats, what is an apron?
Longer hair below the neck on the chest. Frill.
What is another name for the occiput?
Peak.
What is another name for the buttocks?
Rump or hips.
Note to moderator - only one term required
Describe the color Liver.
Deep reddish brown.
The area in the lumbar portion of the vertebrae , between the last ribs and the hindquarters is called ________.
The loin.
What is a name for the part of the hindquarters from the stifle to the hock, including the tibia and fibula?
Second thigh or lower thigh.
What is the name for the rib region that is circular in cross-section?
Barrel.
Describe a button ear.
Ear flap folding forward. The tip lying close to the skull, as to cover the orifice (opening) and pointing to the eye. As in the fox terrier.
True or False: A camel back is arched like that a a one-humped camel.
True.
Manner of standing is called _________.
Stance.
An animal deficient in pigmentation is called what?
An albino.
What breed has harlequin as a color variation?
Great Dane.
What is the organ of smell? Another definition is the ability to detect by scent.
Nose.
What is the name for the flap of the ear?
Leather
A clear, blue eye is called a ______________________________
China eye
What is the term for the the region between the shoulder and elbow joints, which includes the humerous?
Arm or upper arm.
True or False: A blaze is a strip of white hair running the length of the back.
False. It is a strip of white hair running up the center of the face, usually between the eyes.
Where are the incisors located?
Front teeth of each jaw between the canines.
As applied to conformation, define beefy.
Over-heavy development of the hindquarters
What is another name for the tarsus, or the collection of bones of the hind leg forming the joint between the second thigh and the metatarsus?
Hock.
What are the longer hairs used as sensory organs on the muzzle sides and underjaw?
Whiskers.
What is an even bite?
Meeting of front teeth at edges with no overlap of upper or lower teeth.
Define: Jowls.
Flesh of lips and jaws.
Give two other names for the canine teeth.
Tusks, fangs, or eyeteeth.
Note to moderator - only 2 required
(may ask for 1 or 3 as a beginning question or a bonus)
Regarding hair markings, where would you find penciling?
On the toes.
Describe a dudley nose.
Flesh colored nose.
What is the term for cutting or trimming the ends of the ear leather, as in the English Fox Hound?
Rounding.
_______ is the long hair on certain dogs on the foreface and legs.
Furnishing.
Regarding conformation, describe a frog face.
Extending nose accompanied by a receding jaw. Usually overshot.
Give the term for a concave curvature of the neck topline, when the neck sags toward the ground.
Ewe neck.
A color pattern in English Setters with either light or dark ticking or roaning.
Belton.
What is the term for the forepart of the dog, including the chest, forelegs, and brisket of the dog?
Front.
Give another name for fringe.
Feathering.
What is the part of the foreleg, between the elbow and pastern, including the radius and ulna?
Forearm.
Regarding conformation, define flews.
Loose hanging lips as in Bulldogs.
A tail carried out and up in a semi-circle is called a _______ tail.
Sickle
A flat foot with toes spreading is called an open foot or a _________________.
Splay foot.
Give another word for the muzzle.
Foreface.
The pattern of footsteps at various speeds with a particular rhythm and foot fall is called what?
Gait
In haircoats, what is a ruff?
Thick, longer hair growth around the neck.
Name five tail carriages.
Plume, Gay, Curled, Double Curl, Sickle, Otter, Whip, Ring at end, Snap, Screw, Hook, Sword, Flag, Squirrel, Saber, Ring, Pot-hook, Pump handle, Crank, Cocked-up.
Describe a butterfly nose?
A part-colored nose. Spotted with flesh color.
A __________ coloration is either a gray base with flecks of black or a red base with brown flecks.
Merle.
What is the median line between the eyes at the forehead?
Scissura.
A name for the muscular development of the hind leg just above the stifle is…
The ham.
Concerning coloring on dogs, where would you find a blanket?
On the back and upper part of the sides, between the neck and the tail.
True or False: Bandy legs are bent inward.
False. Legs having a bend outward.
What is the loose, pendulous skin under the throat and neck called?
The dewlap.
Give another name for “wheel back.”
Roached back.
Regarding conformation, define weedy.
Insufficient amount of bone; light boned.
What is the ridge, projection, or prominence of the frontal bone of the skull over the eye (brow)?
Superciliary arches.
The indentation between the eyes where the nasal bone and skull meet is called the _______________
Stop.
Define: Upperarm or Upper Arm
The humerus or bone of the foreleg, between the shoulder blade and the forearm.
Give two terms for an unsound gait, where the dog crosses the forefeet or the hind fieet
Crossing over, weaving, or knitting and purling.
The term for the third eyelid or membrane, sometimes called the nictitating membrane, in the inside corner of the eye is the ___________.
Haw.
The indentation between the eyes where the nasal bone and skull meet is called the _______________
Stop
The written description of the ideal dog of each recognized breed is called the ____________________?
Standard
Regarding conformation,define the term “east and west.”
The toes turn out (Face different directions)
Name the clips in which an adult poodle dog can be shown in an AKC conformation class.
English saddle or Continental
Regarding conformation, describe a rat tail.
The root thick and covered with soft curls. End of the tail has no hair or very short hair. As in a Water Spaniel
What is another name for the breastbone?
Sternum
What are honorable scars?
Scars suffered from an injury as a result of work
What is the term to describe an outer coat that stands straight off from the body.
Stand-off coat or stand away coat.
List two eye shapes.
Almond, Oval, Triangular, Round.
Name three variations of roan.
Blue, red, orange, lemon, liver.
True or False: Whitelies (white with dark markings) are allowed coat colorations in the Pembroke Welsh Corgi.
False.
One coat color or whole color, except for lighter shadings is called __________.
Self-color.
What are the dark markings over or around the eyes called?
Spectacles.
What is cropping?
The cutting or trimming of ear leather to encourage it to stand erect.
True or False: Crabbing is defined as moving the body at an angle to the line of travel
TRUE
What term describes a thick set, low, heavy conformation.
Cloddy.
The highest part of the shoulders immediately behind the neck is called the _________
Withers
What is another name for the sternum?
The breastbone
Describe an overshot bite.
The front teeth (incisors) of the upper jaw overlap and do not touch the front teeth of the lower jaw when the mouth is closed.
An ear carried erect and usually pointed at the tip is a __________ ear.
Prick.
True or False: The flews are part of the dogs ears.
False: Flews are the upper lips, pendulous, particularly at their inner corners.
What is a term for a relaxed, easy gait in which the legs on either side move almost, but not quite, as a pair.
Amble
What is the joint of the hind leg between the thigh and the second thigh called?
Stifle (knee)
What is a term for the relative size of a dog’s leg bones, or susbstance?
Bone
Cruciate Ligament injuries occur in the ligaments surrounding which joint?
Stifle
Alt - knee
Regarding conformation, define cobby.
Short bodied, compact
True or False: “Well let down” is having long hocks.
False. Having short hocks.
As applies to haircoats, what is ticking?
Small, isolated areas of black or colored hairs on a white ground.
Regarding conformation, define varminty.
A keen, very bright or piercing expression
Regarding conformation, what is another name for a pigjaw?
Overshot or parrot jaw.
Describe the marking known as a mask.
Dark color (Shading) on the muzzle and foreface.
What environmental condition has the greatest influence on shedding?
Changing light
Another name for the vertebrae or topline between the shoulder blades and hip bones.
Back.
Regarding conformation, what is a dry neck?
The skin taut. Neither loose or wrinkled
What are the characteristics of a healthy coat?
Glossy and pliable without dandruff, excessive oiliness, or areas of baldness.
Describe a tulip ear.
Ears carried with a slight, forward curvature
True or False The Carpals are the bones that make up the skull
False. They are the bones that make up the pastern
What is the term for the highest part of the head (also known as the topskull)?
Crown.
Which breed has a dark stripe down its back called a trace?
The Pug.
What is the term for a haircoat that has dry, harsh hair, that sometimes curls at the tips?
Staring coat.
Which two gaits are acceptable in the show ring?
The walk and, most often seen, the trot.
Describe what bones make up a dog’s shoulder angulation.
The shoulder blade or scapula joint with the upper arm or humerous.
How is front angulation measured?
From the withers to the point of the shoulder to the elbow.
What does the term elbows out mean?
The elbows turn out from the body.
What is the bone of the upper arm called?
The humerus
As applied to conformation, what is layback?
The angle of the shoulder blades as compared with a vertical axis (front angulation)
The metacarpal and metatarsal bones are called the dog’s __________.
Pasterns.
Give another name for the metacarpus.
Pastern.
What is the name for the wrist of the dog?
The carpus, or carpals.
What are the withers?
The highest point of the shoulders, immediately behind the neck.
Name the two bones of the forearm.
The radius and the ulna.
What is the name of the joint between the second thigh and the metatarsus?
The hock or tarsus.
What does Cow hocked mean?
The hocks turn toward each other.
Name two joints that make up a dog’s rear angulation.
Stifle, hock or tarsus, hip,
How is rear angulation measured?
From the point of the rump to the stifle to the hock.
What is the bone of the upper thigh called?
Femur
What is a dog’s knee joint called?
Stifle
What is a dog’s knee cap called?
Patella
How many digits does a dog have on one foot?
Four
Name the bones that make up a dog’s digit.
Three phalanges make one digit. The phalangeal bones.
The horny cover of the paw cushion is called a dog’s _________________
Pad
What is the dewclaw?
An extra claw on the inside of the leg.
Name three types of foot conformation.
Cat foot, hare foot, paper foot, splay foot.
What is the name for a flat foot with thin pads?
Paper foot
Pertaining to dog anatomy, what is the quick?
The quick is a vein in the toenails.
Regarding conformation, define angulation.
The angles formed by the meeting of the bones. Mainly the shoulder, upper arm, stifle, and hock.
What is the croup?
The part of the back between the point of the hip and the tail.
How many lumbar vertebrae does a dog have?
Seven
Name the three types of vertebrae (not including the tail)
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar.
What are the vertebrae of the tail called?
Coccygeal.
What are the neck vertebrae called?
Cervical
What group of vertebrae are closest to the dog’s croup?
Lumbar
Have many cervical vertebrae does a dog have?
Seven
How many thoracic vertebrae does a dog have?
Thirteen
What one major vertebrae allows a dog to turn its head?
Axis
Another term for a shallow, narrow body, lacking the correct amount of bone is ________.
Shelley.
Name three types of conformation of the back.
Level, camel, hollow, roach.
Name the bones between the cervical and lumbar vertebrae.
Thoracic vertebrae
What is the first vertebrae of the neck called?
The atlas
Give another name for the coccygial vertebrae.
The tail
What is the term for the anal opening?
Vent.
What is the term for the side of the body between the last rib and the hip?
The flank.
Name the bone that makes up a dog’s point of rump.
Ischium
How many pairs of ribs does a dog have?
13 pair or 26 ribs
What is dewlap?
Loose fold of skin under the chin of some dogs.
What is another name for the eye socket?
Orbit
What is the bump at the top rear of the skull called?
Occiput or Peak
Describe an undershot mouth.
The under jaw is longer than the upper, projecting lower teeth beyond the upper.
Name four types of bites.
Scissors, level, overshot, undershot.
Regarding conformation, define bite.
The way the upper and lower teeth meet when the mouth is closed.
What are the four types of teeth?
Incisors, canines, premolars, molars
What are the incisors?`
The upper and lower front teeth between the canines.
How many teeth does a dog have?
42
How many teeth does a dog have on the top and how many on the bottom?
20 on top, 22 on bottom.
What are the four sharp-pointed cutting teeth called?
Canine teeth
Upper canine teeth are sometimes called_________________________
Eye teeth
How many canine teeth does a dog have?
Four
The bone that makes up a dog’s lower jaw is called the _____________________
Mandible.
What is another word for loose-hanging lips?
Flews
What type of permanent teeth appear first in puppies, Canines, incisors, molars, or premolars?
Incisors
Which of the following teeth are missing in puppies: canines, incisors, molars, or premolars?
Molars
What type of deciduous teeth appear first in puppies, canines, incisors, molars, or premolars?
Canines
Give four types of ear set.
Bat, button, cropped, drop, flying, prick, rose, semi-prick, tulip.
What is another name for china eye?
Walleye or blue eye.
What is a haw?
The third eyelid or membrane in the inside corner of the eye.
The ear flap of hounds and spaniels is called:
Leather
Referring toconformation, where is the iris located?
In the eye. Colored membrane surrounding the pupil of the eye.
What is the term for the irregular formation inside the cup of the dog’s ear?
Burr
How do you measure a dog’s length?
From the point of shoulder to the point of rump.
Describe a conformation of a dog with loaded shoulders.
When the shoulder blades are shoved out from the body by over-development of the muscles.
What is the rounded tuft of hair left on the end of the tail when grooming certain breeds?
Pompom.
True or False: Long toenails can cause splay feet.
TRUE
Describe the gaiting fault termed “tied at the shoulders.”
A gaiting that pinches up at the elbows and shoulder joints causes the front legs to swing forward on a stiff outward arc.
Name the gaiting fault where the front legs swing forward on a stiff outward arc due to pinching up at the elbows and shoulder joints.
Tied at the elbows
Pleasing balance between all parts of the dog is _________.
Symmetry.
What is parti-color?
Patches of two or more colors.
Describe a pinscher bite.
When the front teeth (incisors) of the upper jaw meet the front teeth of the lower jaw edge to edge (no overlapping). Level bite.
Thick, longer hair around the neck is called the ______________
Ruff
Describe the conformation fault known as “sway back.”
Concave curvature of the backbone between the withers and the hipbones.
In conformation, define webbed.
Connected by a membrane
True or False: Loose or superfruous skin with dewlap is known as a wet neck.
True.
Describe a dog that is straight hocked.
Lacking appreciable angulation at the hock joints. Straight behind.
What term in dog standards means expression, individuality, and general appearance and deportment as considered typical of the breed?
Character.
True or False: An outer coat resistant to weather or protective against brush, combined with an inner coat of softer hair for warmth and waterproofing is called a WET COAT.
False. It is called a double coat.
Where is the coupling?
The part of the body between the ribs and pelvis.
Regarding dog standards, define corky.
Active, alert, lively.
What is a term that describes component functions of locomotion, or is a synonym for gait in some breeds?
Action
Name the gaiting pattern in which three legs are in support of the body at all times, each foot lifting from the ground one at a time in regular sequence.
Walk
A dog that has a receding nose with a deep stop, wrinkle, and undershot jaw has a ________________ face.
Broken-up
As applied to conformation, define bossy.
Over-development of the shoulder muscle.
What is articulation?
The place of union or junction between two or more bones of the skeleton.
What is the conformation fault known as ankylosis?
Abnormal immobility and consolidation of a joint. (Noted as a cause of faulty tails in the German Shepherd standard.)
Regarding conformation, describe a dog that is “out at the shoulders.”
Shoulder blades loosely attached to the body, leaving the shoulders jutting out in relief and increasing the breadth of the front.
Define: Single Tracking
All footprints fall in a single line of travel. As the dog’s speed increases he angles his legs in toward the center.
Describe the conformation fault known as “straight in shoulders.”
Poor angulation of the shoulder bones. Shoulder blades more straight up and down than sloping.
A dog that has an “apple head” has a __________ skull.
Rounded or domed.
As applies to conformation, what is a furrow?
A straight indentation or median line down the center of the skull to the stop.
What are guard hairs?
Longer, smoother, stiffer hairs which grow through the undercoat and normally conceal it.
The longish hair at the back of both upper and lower thighs of some breeds is called ___________________.
Trousers.
Regarding conformation, define throatiness.
A excess of loose skin under the throat.
Short hair, lying close is called a ____________ coat.
Smooth
True or False: the femur is the thigh bone.
TRUE
Describe the skeleton fault known as molera.
Incomplete, imperfect, or abnormal ossification (hardening) of the skull.
As regarding hair color, define isabella.
Fawn or light bay color. Light tan.
Loose, folding skin on the forehead and foreface is known as a _________.
Wrinkle.
With regards to color, what are thumbmarks?
Black spots on the region of the pastern.
Define the conformatin term “tail set.”
How the base of the tail sets on the rump.
As applied to dog parts, what is the stern?
Tail of a sporting dog or hound
As applied to haircoats, where would a veil be located?
The portion of the dog’s forelock hanging straight down over the eyes, or partially covering them.
Describe a china eye.
A clear blue eye
As applied to conformatinon, give the location of the tuck-up.
The waist area at the loin.
A fast gait in which all four feet are off the ground for a brief second during each half stride. Because of the long reach, the oncoming hind foot steps beyond the imprint left by the front foot. Name this gait.
Suspension trot
What type of gait has a choppy up-and-down beat because of a straight hock?
Stilted gait.
As applied to conformatin, give the meaning of timber.
Bone, especially of the legs
What is barrel?
A rounded rib section.
Define coarse, as applied to breed standard.
Lacking refinement.
The dog’s outline from just behind the withers to the tail set is called the ________________.
Topline
What is a name for a gait fault in which the forefeet move wide?
Paddling, Basewide.
Describe a dog that is close-coupled.
Dog with a short loin and back. Comparatively short from the withers to hip bones.
True or False: A beard is a thick, long hair growth on the underjaw.
TRUE
A dog with round, compact feet and well arched toes, tightly bunched or close-cupped has _____ feet.
Cat.
Where is the dog’s thigh?
The hindquarter from hip to stifle.
Referring to conformation, where is the abdomen located?
The portion of the dog’s body between the chest and the hind quarters.
Define the gaiting fault known as twisting hocks.
A gaiting fault in which the hock joints twist both ways as they flex and bear weight. Also called rubber hocks.
Define: Chest
The party of the body or trunk that is enclosed by the ribs.
Regarding conformation, define cheeky.
Cheeks prominently rounded, thick, protruding.
How many pairs of chromosomes does a dog have?
39 pairs.
How is a dog’s height measured?
The perpendicular measurement of the dog from the ground to the highest point of the shoulder or withers.
Describe an expression that is apish.
Monkey-like.
True or False: The difinition of aquiline is flat.
False. Curving, like an eagle’s beak
In conformation, describe an arched loin.
Muscular development over the spine. Not like a roach.
In conformation, describe an arched skull.
Arches either from side to side or lengthwise from stop to occiput, as opposed to a domed skull
A topline “back dropping through withers” is similar to a hollow back but affecting only the section immediately behinds the ________.
Whithers.
Referring to canine anatomy, what is another name for bar?
Arm or humerus
As applies to haircoat, describe the term “bare pastern.”
A pastern devoid of long hair, such as in the Afghan Hound
As applied to conformation, what is a barreled vent?
A protruding anal sphincter
In dogs, what are body spots?
Patches of color, usually black, on the skin but not on the coat
True or False: The break in ear is only found in dogs that have an injury.
False. The line of crease of the fold in a semidrop ear.
As applies to haircoat, describe the color bronze.
Tan coloration intermingled with black hairs
What is the uppermost extension of the large fibular tarsal bone in the hock joint is called?
Calcaneus.
True or false: The canthus is located on the dog’s back.
False. The usually well-developed third eyelid located at the inner angle of the palpebral fissure
Where are the carnassial teeth located?
The last or fourth premolars in the lower jaw, as well as the first molar in the upper jaw
Give another term for caudal vertebrae.
Coccygeal vertebrae.
Referring to conformation, what are cheek bumps and how may they be caused?
Bulging or prominent cheek areas caused by incorrect bone formation and/or excessive muscle development.
Describe the conformation fault known as a clipped keel.
An abnormally short sternum
Define: Closed skull
Complete formation of the bones in the center of the skull
Describe the conformation fault known as a coarse skull.
Excessive skull width, especially around the cheek area
Another term for lip corners is…
Commisures.
Another name for the metacarpal pad.
The communal pad.
What is the hard, horny, and callous material that can from on the soles of the feet?
Corns.
Irregular, crowded alignment of teeth is known as _______ teeth.
Cramped.
As applies to conformation, define creaseless.
Absence of wrinkles and skin folds about the head
As applies to haircoat, where would a cuff be located?
On the pastern regions.
At what pace should most dogs be moving when gaiting a ring pattern?
A trot
What are two terms for the undersurface from the chest to the hindquarters?
Belly and abdomen.
Name the concave portion of the sacrum that articulates with the head of the femur, and is important when evaluating a dog for hip dysplasia.
The acetabulum.
This term is used to describe crooked teeth. When the mouth is closed the upper and lower teeth don’t line up according to breed standard.
Bad mouth.
As applies to hair coloration, describe badger.
A grayish-brown color that may be mixed with a few dark hairs (Great Pyrenees, Sealyham Terriers).
When all the parts of the dog, moving or standing, produce a harmonious image, the dog is said to have __________.
Balance.
What is another name for spread hocks, where the hocks turn out, causing the feet to toe in?
Barrel hocks or divergent hocks.
Referring to haircoats, what is a beauty spot?
A distinct spot, usually round, of colored hair, surrounded by the white spot of the blaze, on the topskull between the ears (Blenheim Spaniel or Boston Terrier).
A color which is a mixture of white, gray, brown, and black hairs is called ________.
Beaver.
As applied to conformation, describe a bee-sting tail.
A relatively short, strong, straight tail that tapers to a point. Used to describe the characteristics of a Pointer’s tail.
Used to describe Brussels Griffon, this color is black and reddish-brown mixed.
Belge.
Describe bird of prey eyes.
Light yellowish eyes, usually harsh in outlook.
Name a breed that is described by a biscuit color, a combination of light gray, yellow, and brown hues.
Pekingese or Samoyed.
Referring to conformation, describe a dog that is said to be blocky.
Square or cube-like formation of the head or body.
Regarding hair color, define blue.
Gray.
A dog born without a tail, or a dog with a tail docked very short is a __________.
Bobtail.
A dog that is said to be “bodied up” has this conformation.
Mature, well-developed.
What is measured from the front of the breastbone to the back of the pelvic girdle?
Body length.
This is a term used to describe changing of coat color from puppies to adult stages.
Break.
Regarding haircoats, where would breeching be located?
Fringing of longish hair at the back borders of the thigh regions.
A conformation that is brick-shaped is _________.
Rectangular.
As applies to haircoat, what is a bristle coat?
A rough, wiry coat.
Referring to conformation, define brows.
The ridges formed above the eyes by frontal bone contours.
Give the gaiting fault when parallel pasterns are so close that the legs brush in passing.
Brushing.
This term describes a heavy, well-muscled neck.
Bull neck.
Name the coat color that may be described as rich, well-saturated light brow, and is usually used to describe poodles.
Cafe au lait.
What is the gait with three beats to each stride, two legs moving separately and two as a diagonal pair. Slower than the gallop.
Canter.
Regarding color patterns, where would a cap be located?
On the skull.
Regarding haircoats, where would a cape be located?
Long, thick hair covering the shoulders.
The bones of the wrist are called the _______-.
Carpals.
Give three names to describe a red or reddish-brown coat color.
Chestnut, copper, rust, ruby, red sesame (Shiba Inu), stag red (Miniature Pinscher), Mahogany.
This term describes a clean-cut head, as contrasted with bumpy or bulging outlines, particularly beneath the eye.
Chiseled.
Define: Chops
Jowls or pendulous flesh of the lips and jaw.
Give the name of a lightly saturated, yellowish brown color used to describe Chow Chows.
Cinnamon.
Regarding grooming, describe clip.
The method of trimming the coat in some breeds.
Describe clipping during gaiting.
The back foot strikes the front foot.
Regarding dogs, define coat.
The dog’s hair covering. Most breeds have two coats: an outer coat and an undercoat.
Referring to dogs, give one of two definitions for compact.
1)Term used to describe the firmly joined union of various body parts. 2)Also used to describe a short- to medium-length coat, very close lying, with a dense undercoat and giving a smooth outline.
Referring to dog parts, explain conformation.
The form and structure, make and shape; arrangement of the parts in conformance with breed standards.
What is meant by the term “covering ground” as pertaining to gaiting?
The distance traveled by a dog with each stride as it gaits.
Regarding hair color, describe cream.
A lowly saturated, light-to-medium yellow. Often, it has just a little more color than white.
Regarding dog conformation, where is the crest?
On the neck, the upper, arched portion.
Give one name for the gaiting fault that starts with twisting elbows and ends with crisscrossing and toeing out.
Crossing over, weaving, knitting and purling.
Referring to canine anatomy, what is the crown?
The top part of the head; the topskull.
As applied to conformation, define cryptorchid.
The adult whose testicles are abnormally retained in the abdominal cavity. Bilateral cryptorchidism involves both sides; i.e., neither testicle has descended into the scrotum. Unilateral cryptorchidism (also called monorchid) involves one side only; i.e., one testicle is retained or hidden, and one is descended.
Culotte is the longer hair on the back of the ____________.
Thighs.
A fullness or thickness of the upper lips, as in the Pekingese is ________.
Cushion.
_______ is a mottle or variegated coat color pattern found in Dachshunds. Lighter color areas contrasted with darker base color.
Dapple.
Canine ________ is made up of forty-two adult teeth, including incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.
Dentition.
_________ of chest is an indication of the volume of space for heart and lungs.
Depth.
What is another term for a dog’s digit?
Toe.
Regarding haircoats, describe dilute.
Washed out color.
Describe a skull that is domed.
Evenly rounded in topskull; curved, not flat.
True or false: In hair markings, a domino is a reverse facial mask pattern on some breeds.
True.
Name the side of the dog that is carried farthest away from the ground during normal locomotion.
Dorsal side.
As applies to hair markings, describe a double dapple.
Varying amounts of white coloring occurring over the body in addition to the dapple pattern.
Describe the fault “down in pastern.”
Weak or faulty pastern set at an incorrect angle.
Referring to conformation, describe a dog that is down-faced.
The muzzle inclining downwards from the skull to the tip of the nose.
Describe a drop ear.
The ear leather folds over; not erect or prick ears.
What are the three regions that make up the canine ear?
Inner ear, middle ear, and the pinna or leather.
The posterior region of the articulation between the arm and the forearm is…
Elbow.
The upper canines are called what?
Eyeteeth or Fangs
Hair overhanging the face is referred to as ________.
Fall.
Regarding hair color, describe fawn.
A brown, red-yellow with hue of medium brilliance.
What is the name for the thigh bone, which extends from the hip to the stifle.
Femur.
As applies to conformation, define fibula.
One of the two bones of the leg (i.e., the lower thigh, second thigh, or lower leg).
Referring conformation, describe a filled-up face.
Smooth facial contours, free of excessive muscular development.
A blaze that widens as is approaches the topskull is called a __________.
Flare.
Describe the skeletal term floating rib.
The last (or 13th rib), which is unattached to the other ribs.
Regarding haircoats, describe a fluffy coat.
A coat of extreme length with exaggerated feathering on ears, chest, legs and feet, under parts, and hindquarters. Can be a fault for some breeds.
Give another name for suspension trot.
Flying trot.
Referring to dog parts, define forefront.
The combined front assembly from its uppermost component, the shoulder blade, down to the feet.
A color or marking not characteristic for the breed is a ________ ________.
Foul color.
As applied to conformation, describe foxy.
Sharp expression; pointed nose with short foreface.
The _________ bones form the forehead of the cranium or skull.
Frontal.
Which gait is characterized by a four-beat rhythm and often an extra period when all four feet are off the ground?
Gallop.
Referring to dog parts, what is the gaskin.
The lower or second thigh.
Give another name for an elongated, tubular-shaped neck besides swan neck.
Goose neck.
Describe the conformatin term “goose rump.”
Too steep or sloping a croup.
Describe a gait with a goose step.
Accentuated lift of the forelimbs.
Give another name for roan.
Grizzle.
Regarding haircoats, define groom.
To brush, comb, trim, or otherwise make a dog’s coat neat.
As regards haircoats, define hackles.
Hairs on neck and back raised involuntarily in fright or anger.
A term that refers to a distinquishing characteristic.
Hallmark.
The front portion of the dog, including the muzzle and the cranium.
Head.
True or false: The contours in profile from the top of the skull to the tip of the nose are the head planes.
True.
Referring to conformatin, define high standing.
Tall and upstanding, with plenty of leg.
The rear assembly of the dog (pelvis, thighs, hocks, and paws) are the _________.
Hindquarters.
What is the collection of bones of the hind leg that from the joint between the second thigh and the metatarsus?
The hock.
A dog with spread hocks is said to be ________ ______.
Hocked out.
A coloration composed of white, tan, or black. The ground color, usually white, may be marked with tan and/or black patches on the head, back, legs, and tail. The extent and the exact location of such markings, however, differ in breeds and individual dogs.
Hound-marked.
The name for the bone of the arm.
Humerus.
Name the apron marking of the Schipperke, located between the front legs.
Jabot.
Is a kink tail a normal tail carriage?
No. It is a deformity of the caudal vertebrae producing a bent tail.
What does the term “lateral” refer to?
Pertaining to the side.
The angle of the shoulder blade as viewed from the front is called the ________.
Lay-on.
Describe a level gait.
Dog moves without rise or fall of withers.
True or false: A dog that is said to be lippy is a constant barker.
False. Pendulous lips that do not fit tightly.
Referring to conformation, define loose slung.
Construction in which the attachment of the muscles at the shoulders is looser than desirable.
Where are the lumbar vertebrae located?
The loin region.
_______ is dislocation of an anatomical structure.
Luxation.
Term givent to the circling of the tail over the back.
Making a wheel.
Give the name for the bone of the lower jaw.
Mandible.
Give another name for mane.
Ruff
Concerning coloring on dogs, where would you find a mantle?
On shoulders, back, and sides.
What is the term used to describe the first part of the sternum in the chest?
Manubrium.
Give the term to describe regular continous waves, specified in the American Water Spaniel breed.
Marcel effect.
Regarding haircoats, define markings.
Contrasting color or pattern in a dog’s coat.
Term used when dog’s measured height at withers was determined to be outside the limits for that breed as set forth in the breed standard.
Measure out.
Where is the medial region located?
Toward the mid line of the dog.
Give the name for the rear pastern.
Metatarsus.
What are milk teeth?
First teeth. Also called baby teeth.
Regarding haircoats, give two definitions for mismark.
(1) Coat or color. (2) A dog that has coat coloration or markings not conforming to that which is acceptable for the breed.
How many molars are normally located in the upper and lower jaws of an adult dog?
Two on each side in the upper jaw, and three on each side in the lower jaw.
Describe a mottled color.
Pattern of dark roundish blotches on a lighter background.
As regards the show ring, define move.
To gait a dog in a pattern prescribed by the judge.
When a dog is moving close in the rear, are the hocks turned in or out?
Hocks are turned in.
Moving straight is a term descriptive of ________ __________ in which angle of inclination begins at the shoulder or hip and limbs remain relatively straight to the feet.
Balanced gait.
“Multum in parvo” is quoted in the Pug standard. What is its meaning?
Latin phrase meaning much in little.
Mustard is a color that is a dull, highly saturated brown-yellow, and is used to describe this breed.
Dandie Dinmont Terrier.
Regard coat markings, what is a muzzle band?
White marking around the muzzle.
What is meant in conformation when the term “neck well set on” is used?
Good neckline, merging gradually with withers, forming a pleasing transition into top line.
Give two definitions for nose.
(1) Organ of olfaction. (2) The ability to detect by means of scent.
Shoulders well laid back are _______ shoulders.
Oblique.
True or false: Eyes with outer corners higher than their inner ones are oblique eyes.
True.
A term that means a prominently raised occiput. Characteristic of some sporting and hound breeds.
Occiputal protuberance.
Define: Occiput
Dorsal, posterior point of the skull.
Alternate - Bump at the top rear of the skull
Referring to conformation, describe a dog that is “out at the shoulder blades.”
With shoulder blades loosely attached to the body, leaving the shoulders jutting out in relief and increasing the breadth of the front.
Term for a chest that is deeper than wide.
Oval chest.
As applied to conformation, define overhang.
A heavy or pronounced brow.
What are two different ways for a dog to compensate for more drive in its rear feet?
Overreach (where the rear feet strike outside the fore feet) and padding (where the front feet flip up in a split-second delaying action).
The term for the tough, shock-absorbing projections on the underside of the feet.
Pads.
The term for the hip bones.
Pelvis.
This term describes the mixture of white and black hairs, and is commonly seen in Schnauzer breeds.
Peppering.
Give three terms for coats with patches of white and another color.
Pied, Piebald, Pinto, Splashed, Parti-color,
Term for close-set eyes.
Pig eyes.
Term for a narrow chest with a protruding breastbone.
Pigeon chest.
Term for toes pointing in toward the midline.
Pigeon-toed.
As applies to haircoat, what is pile?
Dense undercoat of soft hair.
Regarding haircoat, define plume.
(1) A long fringe of hair on the tail. (2) Carrying the tail plume-like over the back.
What is the term for carrying the neck stretched forward in an abnormally low, ungainly position, usually when moving?
Poke.
Where is the posterior of the dog.
The portion of the dog carried toward the rear during normal locomotion.
Which gaiting fault is a result of a dog’s stride being shorter in the front than the rear?
Pounding.
Referring to conformation, define quality.
Refinement, fineness, a degree of excellence.
Describe a dog that is racy.
Tall, of comparatively slight build.
Referring to skeletal parts, define radius.
One of the two bones of the forearm.
A dog that is tall, long in body, high on leg, often lightly framed is said to be _________.
Rangy.
Describe the term “ reach of front.”
Length of forward stride taken by forelegs.
The ___ _____ is made up of the collection of paired ribs, cartilage, sternum, and associated tissue.
Rib cage.
In conformation, what is meant by the term “ribbed-up.”
Long ribs that angle back from the spinal column. A reference to a long rib cage.
Regarding haircoat, define the color roan.
A fine mixture of colored hairs with white hairs.
Referring to conformation, describe the term “rocking horse.”
Both front and rear legs extended out from the body as on an old-fashioned rocking horse.
Describe a rolling gait.
Swaying, ambling action of the hindquarters when moving.
Describe a dog that has a roman nose.
A nose whose bridge is so comparatively high as to form a slightly convex line from forehead to nose tip. Ram’s nose.
The term for a small drop ear that folds over and back so as to reveal the burr.
Rose ear.
Another name for the tail or stern.
Rudder.
The region of the vertebral column that consists of three fused vertebrae that articulate the pelvic girdle is the _______. Located between the lumbar and caudal vertebrae regions.
Sacrum.
Regarding haircoat markings, what is a saddle?
Markings in the shape of a saddle over the back.
An overlong back, with a dip behind the withers is called a _______ ______.
Saddle back.
________ is a color used to describe Boston Terriers. It appears black except that it has a red cast in bright light.
Seal.
Ears carried erect with just the tips leaning forward are ________ ears.
Semi-prick.
The term for the line extending vertically between the notrils.
Septum.
True or false: A dog that is sickle hocked has an inability to straighten the hock joint.
True.
What are the hard bones of the body called?
Skeleton.
A term used to indicate a dog that is thick and coarse through the skull.
Skully.
Flat ribs with too little spring from the spinal column are called _________.
Slab-sided.
Referring conformation, define slew feet.
Feet turned out.
Name the gait fault in which there is a quick outward snatching of the hock as it passes supporting leg and twists the rear pastern far in beneath the body?
Snatching hock.
A nose that is normally black, but acquires a pink streak in the winter is a _________.
Snow nose or winter nose.
A tail that is straight and short, and that tapers rapidly along its length is a _____________ tail.
Spike.
A coat that is irregularly patched, either color on white, or white on color is ________.
Splashed.
In conformation, what is meant by the term “spread?”
Width between the forelegs when accentuated, as by the Bulldog.
What is the term to indicate the curvature of ribs for heart and lung capacity?
Spring of ribs.
As applies to conformation, describe a dog with a square body.
A dog whose measurements from withers to ground equals that from forechest to rump.
Referring to conformation, define station.
Comparative height from the ground, as high-stationed, low-stationed.
Steep is used to denote incorrect angles of _________. For example, a steep front describes a more upright shoulder placement than is preferred.
Articulation.
The __________ is the row of eight bones that form the floor of the chest.
Sternum.
The step up from muzzle to back skull; indentation between the eyes where the nasal bones and cranium meet.
Stop.
Referring to conformation, describe a dog that is straight in pastern.
Little or no bend at the wrist.
The term for the ridge or prominence of the frontal bones of the skull over the eyes.
Supersilliary arches.
________ is a term used to describe concave curvature of the vertebrae column between the withers and the hipbones.
Concave curvature of the vertebrae column between the withers and the hipbones.
Give another term to mean balance.
Symmetry.
_______ is a color, along with white, that is a commonly accepted color description for Ibizian Hounds.
Tawny.
Referring to conformation, define terrier front.
Straight front as found on fox terriers.
The male gonads, which product spermatoza are the ____________.
Testicles.
How many vertebrae make up the thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae of the chest)?
Thirteen, to match the thirteen ribs in the chest region.
Referring to skeletal parts, define tibia.
One of the two bones of the leg (i.e., the lower thigh, second thigh, or lower leg).
Give two definitions for “tongue.”
1) The fleshy, moveable, muscular organ attached to the floor of the mouth. 2) The barking or baying of hounds on the trail, as to give tongue, to open or speak.
Regarding haircoats, where is the topknot located?
Top of the head.
Referring to haircoats, what is tri-color.
Three colors in the coat: white, black, and tan.
To ________ the coat is groomed by stripping, clipping, or scissoring.
Trim.
Describe two gaits where the dog’s feet strike the ground together.
Trot: diagonal pattern where opposing feet strike the ground together. Pace: a pattern where two feet on the same side strike the ground together.
In conformation, where is the trumpet located?
Jjust behind the orbit or eye socket; the region comparable with the temple in man.
Describe a tulip ear.
An ear carried erect with edges curving in and forward.
In conformation, what does turn-up mean?
An up-tilted foreface.
Give the term to describe the sum of qualities that distinguish dogs of one breed, or dogs from one kennel from others.
Type (breed type or kennel type).
Where is the ulna located?
One of the two bones of the forearm.
Regarding haircoats, define undercoat.
Dense, soft, short coat concealed by a longer top coat.
Describe a dog that is called unsound.
A dog incapable of performing the functions for which it was bred.
Referring to skeletal parts, define vertebrae.
The bones of the central axis of the dog posterior to the skull, including cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae.
How many feet are lifted from the ground at a time when a dog is walking?
One foot at a time, while the other three legs support the dog.
Give the name for the vibrissae or sensory organs on the sides of the muzzle.
Whiskers.
This color is used to describe Dachshunds, and is dull gray with black hairs intermingled.
Wild boar.
Which gaiting fault demonstrates one or both front feet twisting outward as the legs swing forward?
Winging.
Describe a wirehair coat.
A coat of hard, crisp, wiry texture.
What breed has “wolf sable” as one of its color standards?
Pomeranian.
True of false: A dog that has a wry mouth has a symmetrical alignment of of upper and lower jaws.
False. It has an asymmetrical alignment. Also known as a cross bite.
What is the cartilage process of the sternum called?
The Xipoid process.
What is the name for the bony ridge that extends posteriorly and laterally from beneath the eye orbit.
The zygomatic arch.
