Particulate Nature Of Matter And Structure Of The Atom Flashcards
What is the dilution law?
It is the number of times a more concentrated solution is diluted to obtain a less concentrated solution
What is an atom?
The smallest particle of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction and retain its chemical properties
What is a molecule?
A chemically combined group of atoms which can take part in a chemical reaction and retain its original purpose
Define atomicity
The number of replaceable hydrogen ions in a compound
What is an ion?
An electrically charged atom formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons
State 3 evidences of the Particulate Nature of Matter
Brownian motion
Osmosis
Crystallization
Diffusion
State 5 postulates of Dalton
Hint: TIDY AC
Tiny indivisible particles called atoms
Identical masses and sizes for the same element
Different elements have different masses and sizes
You can’t destroy or create atoms
Atoms combine is small whole number ratios
State 3 limitations of Dalton
Atoms are divisible into sub atomic particles what are protons, electrons and neutrons
Atoms can be physically destroyed or created in a chemical/nuclear fission or fussion reaction
Atoms of the same element can be different if they are isotopes
Describe Democritus’ theory of atoms.
Democritus proposed that all matter in the universe was made of tiny, indivisible solid objects called ‘atomos’.
What is the particulate nature of matter?
The particulate nature of matter is the idea that matter is made up of tiny particles such as atoms, molecules, or ions.
Explain the spread of potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) crystals in water.
When a few crystals of KMnO4 are introduced into water, they fall apart and spread throughout the water, resulting in a uniform distribution of colored KMnO4.
How does ammonia gas spread in a laboratory?
Ammonia gas, or any strong perfume or substance with a strong scent, spreads among air particles to other parts of the laboratory.
What is crystallization and how does it provide evidence for the particulate nature of matter?
Crystallization is the process of forming a solid/crystal by combining millions of particles from a solution, demonstrating that matter consists of particles.
Define Brownian motion.
Brownian motion is the random movement of a speck of a solid on the surface of a liquid due to the random movement of the particles of the fluid.
Describe an atom.
An atom is the smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Define a molecule.
A molecule is the smallest, stable particle of an element or compound that consists of a single atom or a group of two or more atoms chemically combined.
What is the atomicity of calcium?
Calcium is monoatomic, meaning it consists of only one atom.
Describe a compound.
A compound is a substance that is formed from the chemical combination of atoms of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio or proportion.
What is the difference between a homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture?
A homogeneous mixture is uniform in composition throughout and normally in the same physical state, while a heterogeneous mixture’s composition is not uniform and may exist in different states.
Do noble gases exist as monoatomic or diatomic molecules?
Noble gases exist as monoatomic molecules.
Define an ion.
An ion is an electrically charged particle formed from an atom or compound by gaining or losing one or more electrons.
Describe a polyatomic ion.
A polyatomic ion is a group of bonded atoms with a charge.
What is the atomicity of oxygen molecule?
The atomicity of an oxygen molecule (O2) is diatomic, meaning it consists of two atoms.
Describe Dalton’s atomic theory.
Dal’s atomic theory proposed that matter is made up of small indivisible particles called atoms, which cannot be created or destroyed. Atoms of the same element are identical in size and mass, while atoms of different elements have different mass and size. Atoms combine to form compounds in simple whole numbers.