Particles and Waves Flashcards
Electric field
The force charged particles experience
The arrows show the
Direction of force on a positive charge
Closer lines show a
Stronger electric field (bigger force)
Further away lines show a
Weaker electric field (smaller force)
Electric fields cause charged particles to
Accelerate
The potential difference (voltage) between 2 points is the
Work done when one coulomb of charge moves from one point to the other
Current in a wire creates a
Magnetic field
Left hand grip rule (for negative charges and electrons)
Thumb -direction of current
Finger -shows magnetic field
For positive points the other way
A wire carrying current experiences a force if
The current cuts across a magnetic field
Right hand rule
First finger -field (north>south)
Second finger -current
Third finger -path of electron
LINAC works by
Charge particle gains energy every time it passes from one drift tube to the next
The frequency of the AC. is just right to march the progress of the charged particles through the drift tubes
How does a cyclotron work
Two hollow metal Dees
Particle gains energy every time it moves from one Dee to the next
Magnetic field causes particle to follow curved path
Frequency of A.C matches the progress of particle
Antimatter
Every particle has a corresponding particle of antimatter
If a matter particle meets its antiparticle they
Destroy each other and release 2 protons
Fermions
Leptons +Quarks
Hadrons
Baryons + mesons
Bosons
Gluon
Photon
Zboson
Wboson
Types of Leptons
Electron
Muon
Tau
Electron neutrino
Muon neutrino
Tau neutrino
Types of Quarks
Up
Down
Charm
Strange
Top
Bottom
Baryons are made from
3 quarks
Mesons are made from
A quark and antiquark pair
Mesons have
Short lifetimes
Mesons are
Very unstable
Types of bosons
Gluon
Photon
Zboson
Wboson
Alpha decay
Addition of a helium nucleus
Beta decay
Loss of an electron
Gamma decay
Internal rearrangement if the nucleus
Fission reaction
Large nucleus splits forming smaller nuclei
Fusion
Joining together of small nuclei to form larger nucleus
Irradiance is the
Power (energy per second) incident on one unit of area on a surface
Photon
Particle of light
Threshold frequency
Minimum frequency for photo emission to occur
Photoemission
When an incident photon ejects an electron onto a metal plate.
Interference is
Evidence if wave behaviour
If waves have a constant phase relationship then they are
Coherent
Constructive interference
When waves arrive in phase and displacements add together
Destructive interference
When waves arrive out of phase and displacements cancel out
If oath diference is the same as a whole number of wavelengths (m)
Constructive interference happens and a maximum is created
If path difference results in a phase difference of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 etc wavelengths then
Destructive interference happens and a minimum is created
What type of spectra do hot sources of light produce
Continuous spectra
What type of spectra do neon lights produce
Line omission spectra
The refractive index varies with the
Index of light
Regular refraction
Angle of refraction bigger than the critical angle
Total internal reflection
Angles are equal
When the angle of incidence is the critical angle
The angle of refraction is 90 degrees
