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Z PHYSICS > Particles and Waves > Flashcards

Particles and Waves Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the nucleus held together by

A

Binding engery

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2
Q

What causes binding engery

A

The total mass if the nucleus is less than the combined mass of it constituent parts

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3
Q

What is binding engery

A

The amount of energy required to hold the nucleus together

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4
Q

What’s in isotope

A

An element with the same amount of protons but different number of neutrons

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5
Q

What does it mean when an atom is said ti be stable

A

Does not undergo radioactive decay

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6
Q

What does it mean when an atom is unstable

A

Will undergo radioactive decay and change into an atom that is stable

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7
Q

Elements that are unstable ans have to many neutrons will…

A

Give off radiation that turns neutrons into protons ejecting electrons (beta particles)

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8
Q

When unstable atoms with too many protons will…

A

Eject an entrie helium nuclei.

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9
Q

Definition of alpha radiation

A

Helium nucleus slow moving

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10
Q

Definition of beta

A

Fast moving electrons

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11
Q

Definition of a gamma rays

A

High frequency wave that apart of the electromagnetic spectrum

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12
Q

Alpha

A

4he2

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13
Q

Beta

A

0e-1

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14
Q

Gamma rays

A

+y

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15
Q

Explain beta decay

A

Beta decays into a proton and electron. This will come from the nucleus

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16
Q

Explain gamma rays radiation

A

The overall nucleus doesn’t change. They simply loss enegery

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17
Q

Two different types if matter

A

Hadrones
Leptons

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18
Q

Leptons particles

A

Moun
Tau
Electron

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19
Q

Twi different types of hadrones

A

Baryons
Measons

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20
Q

Different types of measons

A

Pion
Koan

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21
Q

How many qurks make up a meason

A

2

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22
Q

Different types if baryons

A

Protons
Neutrons

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23
Q

How many quarks make up a baryon

A

3

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24
Q

Explain the structure of a leptons

A

They are fundamental and have no internal structure

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25
Q

Symbol for electron anti electron and neutrino

A

E -e ve

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26
Q

Symbol for muon anti Muon and nurtronib

A

U with a line

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27
Q

Symbol for a tau

A

T

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28
Q

Explain the structure of a hadrone

A

Nor fundamental with a Internal structure

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29
Q

Symbol fit proton

A

P

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30
Q

Symbol for a neutron

A

N

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31
Q

What makes up a protons

A

Up
Up
Down

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32
Q

What makesbup a neutronb

A

Up
Down
Down

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33
Q

Structure of a kaon

A

Up
Anti strange

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34
Q

Structure of a meason

A

Anti up down

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35
Q

What are the fundamental forces

A

Weak
Strong
Electromagnetic

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36
Q

What does the electromagnetic force act on

A

Leptons neutrino
Quarks

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37
Q

Whats the mediating force for electromagnetic

A

Photon

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38
Q

What does the photon do

A

When two charged particles exert a force on a eachother a virtual photon is exchanged between them

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39
Q

Weak force

A

All particles but only over a very short range

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40
Q

What does a weak force act on

A

Leptons neutrinos

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41
Q

What is the force mediator of weak force

A

W and Z boson

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42
Q

What does a strong force act on

A

Neutron
Protons
Hadrones

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43
Q

What’s the force mediator on strong force

A

Gluon

44
Q

What is a neutrino

A

A particle with a very small mass and no charge

45
Q

How many quarks are there?

A

6

46
Q

Definition of fundamental

A

Not composed of any other particles

47
Q

Fermions make up the matter that surrounds what?

A

Leptons
Hadrones
Baryons

48
Q

What is the thergold frequency

A

Is the minimum amount of frequency of a photom required for photoemission

49
Q

What is the work function

A

The work function if a metal is the minimum enegery required of a photon required to cause photonmission

50
Q

Ek= hf -hfo explain what each part means

A

Ek is the engery of the electron
Hf is the enegery of the photon
And hfo is the work function

51
Q

What is the photoelectric effect

A

The ejection of electrons from a metal plate when a photon of high enough engery is incident on it

52
Q

Two factors that effect the electrons removed

A

The right/type of metal
Hugh enough frequency

53
Q

For every photom how any electrons are removed.

A

1 electron

54
Q

Why do they uses an alternating current in a particle accelerator

A

So that the particles are always accelerating in the same direction

55
Q

Nuclear fission

A

I large nucleus splits to from 2 nuclei of smaller mass

56
Q

Nuclear fusion

A

Two smaller nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus

57
Q

What is the continuous emission

A

The fully coloured one

58
Q

What is the line emission

A

Black with coloured lines

59
Q

What is the adoption spercta

A

The coloured with black lines

60
Q

What is the name of the enegery level closest to the nucleus

A

Ground state

61
Q

What is the furthered away enegrry level called

A

Ionised state and has zero potential

62
Q

When an electron moves from a low energy level to a higher level

A

It will absorb a photon and need enegery to do so

63
Q

When electrons move from highers to lower levels

A

It emits a photon

64
Q

Absorption is going which direction

A

Low to Higher

65
Q

Line emission

A

Is going from high to low

66
Q

Why qas a balck cloth used in the irradiance experiment

A

To prevent reflection

67
Q

Definition of irradiance

A

Power per unit area

68
Q

I and D graph

A

sloping light down

69
Q

I and 1/d² graph

A

Straight line from origin

70
Q

Explain why a spectrum is produced in the glass prism

A

Different frequencies are refracted through different angles

71
Q

When two waves meet in phase they produce

A

Constructive interference

72
Q

What does it produce when
Waves meet out of phase

A

Destructive interference

73
Q

Definition of coherence

A

The waves have a constant phrase relationship

74
Q

In a diffraction grating if you increase the number of slits

A

The clears the interference

75
Q

What the wavelengths for redb

A

The largest wavelength

76
Q

What the wavelengths for purple

A

Shortest

77
Q

Is red or purple more diffraction

A

Red

78
Q

In a glass prism is red or purple dispersed the least

A

Red

79
Q

In diffraction is there only one or multiple spectra

A

Multiple

80
Q

In refraction can you get 1 or multiple spectra

A

1

81
Q

When the refractive index increases

A

The frequency increased

82
Q

What is the refractive index

A

The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the median

83
Q

In the critical is the angle of incidence is great than the critical angle what will happen to the light

A

It will reflect

84
Q

Order of refractive index

A

Violet>blue>red

85
Q

What’s the graph of f and wavelength

A

Slopping graph down

86
Q

Why are protons are accelerated in a electric field

A

They are positively charged and they experience a force

87
Q

What type of source does the experiments have to be to investigate inverse square lew

A

A point source

88
Q

Explain why the photoelectric effect provides evidence for the photo

A

Each photon removes one electron

89
Q

Explain why the photoelectric effect provides evidence for the photo

A

Each photon removes one electron

90
Q

Graph of frequency and wavelength

A

Line sloping down

91
Q

Why is an alternating current used

A

To make sure the electric field is always in the correct direction

92
Q

Explain how a line emission is produced

A

When an electron goes from an excited state to a lower enegery level. Different transitions produce different frequencies

93
Q

Why are some lines stronger than others kn the line spectacular

A

Because there are more eletons making transits per second mean there are more photons per second

94
Q

For threshold frequency the frequency should be

A

Less for it to be incident

95
Q

Why does the gold leaf drop

A

Photom remove electrons from thr metal

96
Q

What will happen the angle and speed jn glass when the wavelengths is increased

A

The angle will be larger
The speed will be greater

97
Q

What’s a point source

A

Light that apreads

98
Q

What do you need to measure the inverse square law

A

A point source

99
Q

Why do the lengths of the tubed increase along the accelerator

A

As the speed of the protons increase they travel a further distance

100
Q

Explain why this type of fusion reaction is hard to sustain in these reactors

A

Large amount of energy relased results in very high temperature

101
Q

The emisson of beta particles is evdaidance for

A

Neutrino

102
Q

As the frequency increases what happens to the energy and the electrons emmited per second

A

The engery increases
The electrons emitted decreases

103
Q

Graph of I vs F

A

Sloping up
Starting at threshold frequency

104
Q

Graph of frwujxy vs wavelength

A

Straight line down

105
Q

What is the critical angle

A

The angle of Incidence when the angle of refraction is 90°

Z PHYSICS (5 decks)

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