Particles and Radiation Goodnotes Recap Flashcards
Atom Composition?
An atom is made up of protons, neutrons and electrons
Nucleons?
The collective name for neutrons and protons which are located at the centre of the atom inside the nucleus
Atom properties?
Most of the atom is empty space. Electrons orbit the core at relatively large distance from the nucleus. Atoms have different charges and masses
Atom Charges?
A proton has a charge of +1.6x10-19 C. A neutron has a charge of 0 C. An electron has a charge of -1.6x10-19 C
Atom Masses?
The mass of a proton is 1.67 x 10-27 kg. The mass of a neutron is 1.67x10-27 kg. The mass of an electron is 9.11 x 10-31 kg.
Atom Relative Charge?
The relative charge of a proton is +1. The relative charge of a neutron is 0. The relative charge of an electron is -1
Atom Relative Mass?
A protons relative mass is 1. A neutrons relative mass is 1. An electrons relative mass is 0.0005.
Proton Number?
The proton number represents the amount of protons in the nucleus and is also called atomic number and has the symbol Z
Proton Number Property?
A proton number defines an element as no two elements can have the same proton number and this value defines the chemical properties of an atom
Number of Electrons Properties?
An element’s reaction and chemical behavior depends on the number of electrons. When the number of electrons is the same as the number of protons a neutral atom is created
Nucleon Number?
Also called the mass number and is the quantity that reveals the total amount of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and is identified by having the symbol A
Nucleon Number Property?
Since each proton and neutron have a relative mass of 1 and electrons have very little mass it means the nucleon number gives a good indication of the atoms mass
Nuclide Notation?
Summaries all the information about an elements atomic structure
Element Symbol?
The symbol to categories and element is with the letter X
Specific Charge?
The specific charge is the atoms ratio of its charge in relation to its mass. The units of specific charge is coulombs per kilogram ( C Kg-1)
Specific Charge Equation?
Specific Charge = Charge / Mass
Specific Charge = Q / m
Fundamental Particle?
A fundamental particle is a particle which cannot be split up into smaller particles
Specific Charge Equation Properties?
The specific charge of an electron is usually ratioed to the nucleus of an atom or ion. The charge of a fundamental particle like an electron can be worked out using this equation.
Isotopes?
An isotope is an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Number of Neutrons Properties?
Changing the number of neutrons doesn’t affect chemical properties but instead the stability of the nucleus. The more neutrons compared to protons the more unstable the nucleus is. Unstable nuclei may be radioactive and have to decay to be more stable
Hydrogen Isotopes?
Protium which has 1 proton and 0 neutrons. Deuterium which has 1 proton and 1 neutron. Tritium which has 1 proton and 2 neutrons.
Isotopic Data?
The relative amounts of different isotopes of an element present in a substance
Isotopic Data Use?
Scientists can calculate the age from dead matter by using isotopic data to find percentage of radioactive carbon-14 that is left in the object
EM Force in Nucleus?
The electromagnetic force causes positively charged protons in the nucleus to repel each other