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Form 1 Science End of Year Test - Revise all Flashcards > Particles and Formulae > Flashcards

Particles and Formulae Flashcards

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1
Q

What are all things made of?

A

Particles

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2
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solids, liquids and gases

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3
Q

Draw the particle diagram for a solid.

A

Diagram

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4
Q

Draw the particle diagram for a liquid.

A

Diagram

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5
Q

Draw the particle diagram for a gas.

A

Diagram

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6
Q

Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid.

A

Regular arrangement, particles are touching

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7
Q

Describe the arrangement of particles in a liquid.

A

Random arrangement, particles are touching

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8
Q

Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas.

A

Random arrangement, particles are not touching

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9
Q

Describe the motion of particles in a solid.

A

Vibrate in a fixed position.

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10
Q

Describe the motion of particles in a liquid.

A

Able to move past each other.

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11
Q

Describe the motion of particles in a gas.

A

Move in random directions at random speeds.

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12
Q

Give two properties of solids

A

They don’t flow (fixed shape)
They can’t be compressed (fixed volume)

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13
Q

Explain why solids cannot flow

A

The particles are in a fixed position due to strong forces of attraction between particles.

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14
Q

Explain why solids cannot be compressed

A

There is no space between particles.

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15
Q

Give two properties of liquids

A

They can flow (take the shape of their container)
They can’t be compressed (fixed volume)

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16
Q

Explain why liquids can flow

A

The particles are free to move past each other.

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17
Q

Explain why liquids cannot be compressed

A

There is no space between particles.

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18
Q

Give two properties of gases.

A

They can flow (spread out to fill their container)
They can be compressed (can change volume)

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19
Q

Explain why gases can flow

A

The particles are free to move past each other.

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20
Q

Explain why gases can be compressed

A

There is space between the particles.

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21
Q

What happens in a change of state?

A

The particles change arrangement due to an increase or decrease in thermal energy

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22
Q

What is the name for the process of solids turning to liquids?

A

Melting

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23
Q

What is the name for the process of liquids turning to gases?

A

Boiling (or evaporation)

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24
Q

What is the name for the process of gases turning to liquids?

A

Condensing

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25
Q

What is the name for the process of liquids turning to solids?

A

Freezing

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26
Q

What is the melting point of a substance?

A

The temperature at which it melts or freezes

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27
Q

What is the boiling point of a substance?

A

The temperature at which it boils or condenses

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28
Q

What happens to the particles in a substance when it is heated up?

A

They move faster

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29
Q

State one similarity and one difference between boiling and evaporation?

A

Similarity: both a state change from liquid to gas
Difference: Evaporation occurs at any temperature between melting and boiling points, boiling occurs at the boiling point of the substance.

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30
Q

What is the melting point of water?

A

0°C

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31
Q

What is the boiling point of water?

A

100°C

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32
Q

Approximately what is room temperature?

A

20°C

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33
Q

If I have a substance with a melting point of -98°C and a boiling point of -10°C, what state will it be at room temperature?

A

Gas, as 20°C is above the boiling point.

34
Q

If I have a substance with a melting point of 120°C and a boiling point of 380°C, what state will it be at room temperature?

A

Solid, as 20°C is below the melting point.

35
Q

If I have a substance with a melting point of -58°C and a boiling point of 232°C, what state will it be at room temperature?

A

Liquid, as 20°C is between the melting and boiling points.

36
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

37
Q

How does temperature affect diffusion?

A

An increase in temperature increases the rate of diffusion.

38
Q

How does concentration affect diffusion?

A

A higher concentration gradient (difference) increases the rate of diffusion.

39
Q

What is an element

A

A substance made of only one type of atom

40
Q

What is an atom

A

The smallest part of an element that can exist

41
Q

What are subatomic particles?

A

Particles smaller than an atom which combine together to make atoms.

42
Q

What is the most of an atom made up of?

A

Empty space

43
Q

What is the name of the centre of the atom where almost all of the mass is held?

A

The nucleus

44
Q

Where are electrons located in the atom?

A

In shells (energy levels) around the nucleus.

45
Q

Name parts A, B and C

A

A - Proton
B - Neutron
C - Electron

46
Q

What is the mass and charge of a proton?

A

Mass = 1 amu
Charge = +1 (positive)

47
Q

What is the mass and charge of a neutron?

A

Mass = 1 amu
Charge = 0 (neutral)

48
Q

What is the mass and charge of an electron?

A

Mass = 0.0005 amu (almost zero)
Charge = -1 (negative)

49
Q

How many electrons can the first shell hold before the second shell starts to fill?

A

2
(The same number as the number of elements in the first row of the periodic table)

50
Q

How many electrons can the second shell hold before the third shell starts to fill?

A

8
(The same number as the number of elements in the second row of the periodic table)

51
Q

How many electrons can the third shell hold before the fourth shell starts to fill?

A

8
(The same number as the number of elements in the third row of the periodic table)

52
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus and the number that defines what element an atom is from

53
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

54
Q

In a neutral atom, what is the electron number equal to?

A

Atomic (proton) number

55
Q

Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in this element:

A

Protons: 8
Neutrons: 15 - 8 = 7
Electrons: 8

56
Q

Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in this element:

A

Protons: 11
Neutrons: 23 - 11 = 12
Electrons: 11

57
Q

What is the chemical symbol for hydrogen?

A

H

58
Q

What is the chemical symbol for helium?

A

He

59
Q

What is the chemical symbol for carbon?

A

C

60
Q

What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?

A

O

61
Q

What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

A

Na

62
Q

Why do some elements have chemical symbols which are not the first two letters of their name?

A

Some symbols represent other languages.
Some elements have similar starts to their names.

63
Q

How many capital letters are there in a chemical symbol?

A

One capital letter.
Some symbols also have a lower case letter after the capital letter.

64
Q

What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?

A

Physical change is a change in the state of a substance, nothing new is made.
A chemical change involves at least one new substance being made and is usually not easily reversed.

65
Q

State five signs of a chemical reaction.

A

Colour change

Temperature change

Gas given off (effervescence)

Odour (smell) change

Solid (precipitate) formed

66
Q

What is the name for substances that react together in order to produce something new?

A

Reactant(s)

67
Q

What is the name for the new substances that are formed by a chemical reaction?

A

Product(s)

68
Q

What symbol is used in a chemical reaction equation to show a reaction has taken place?

A

An arrow (going from the reactants to the products)

69
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made of two or more elements chemically bonded together.

70
Q

State the rules for naming compounds made of two elements.

A

Start with the name of the metal (if there is one)

The ending of the non-metal is changed to -ide

71
Q

State the rules for naming compounds with three elements where one of them is oxygen.

A

Start with the name of the metal (if there is one)

Don’t include “oxygen” in the name.

The ending of the non-metal is changed to -ate

72
Q

What compound is formed when lithium bonds with chlorine?

A

Lithium chloride

73
Q

What compound is formed when calcium bonds to carbon and oxygen?

A

Calcium carbonate

74
Q

Define molecule

A

Two or more atoms, chemically bonded into a single particle.

75
Q

Does a molecule have to be a compound?

A

No, a molecule can be an element made of more than one of the same type of atom chemically bonded together into a single particle.

76
Q

Define (chemically) pure

A

When a substance is made of only one element or compound.

77
Q

Define (chemically) impure

A

When a substance is made of more than one substance not chemically bonded together.

78
Q

What is a mixture?

A

An impure substance that can be separated by physical (not chemical) processes.

79
Q

Is spring water pure? Explain your answer.

A

No. Spring water contains minerals which are not chemically bonded to the water molecules.

80
Q

Is air pure? Explain your answer.

A

No. Air contains a mixture of elements and compounds in their gaseous state which are not chemically bonded.

Form 1 Science End of Year Test - Revise all Flashcards (3 decks)

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