Particles Flashcards
Japanese particles
は
Pronounced “Wa,” this is the topic-marking particle.
も
Also
It is used to indicate that something which has previously been stated also holds true for the item currently under discussion. It replaces ga, wa or o when used.
を
Marks the grammatical object of a sentence. It follows nouns and noun phrases.
に
Directional-
From
By
At
Indicates a place towards which someone or something moves.
It is also used with giving/receiving verbs and can then mean “from”.
In the case of passive verbs, it marks the grammatical agent, making it the same as “by” in English.
Also used to indicate the location of existence when combined with the verbs いる or ある, making it the Japanese version of “at” (in some instances).
へ
Location/direction marking particle
To/Toward
で
Used to indicate the location of an action.
At place, by way of
が
Marks the grammatical subject of a sentence when it is first introduced to a conversation. It can also be used to join sentences, like the word “but,” though that が is technically a different word. The particle が can also be used to emphasize the subject or distinguish it from others. While は is used when a question word (who, where, etc.) comes after the topic in the sentence (レストランはどこですか。), we use the particle が when the question word is the subject or part of it.
から
Indicates the source of an object or action. This starting position may be either a point in space (in which case it is translated as “from”), or a point in time (in which case it is translated as “since” or “after”).
まで
Until
と
And, With
Can also function like English quotation marks
や
And, but not extensively
“such things as A, B, and C.”`
の
Possessive (‘s)
ね
Right, Isn’t It?
Request for confirmation from the listener
Rhetorical
よ
Used by the speaker to express a strong conviction about something or to emphatically declare something.
か
Question marking particle
