Particles

Question 1

What is protium?

Answer 1

A hydrogen atom with 1 proton and zero neutrons.
99.98% of hydrogen atoms are protium.
Used in hydrogen fuel cells

Question 2

What is Deuterium?

Answer 2

A hydrogen atom with 1 proton and 1 neutron.
Around 0.02% of hydrogen atoms are deuterium.
Used in nuclear fission

Question 3

What is tritium?

Answer 3

A hydrogen atom with 1 proton and 2 neutrons.

Used in thermonuclear fusion weapon

Question 4

What is an Nuclide?

Answer 4

Is a specific nucleus and that contains a certain number of protons and neutrons.

Question 5

What is Carbon -14

Answer 5

An isotope of carbon.
All living organisms have the same amount of carbon-14 atoms as percentage of all carbon isotopes.
Once the organism dies, it no longer absorbs carbon from the atmosphere.
Carbon-14 is radioactive and so will decay over a known half-life.

Question 6

What happens to a nucleus without a strong nuclear force?

Answer 6

It would break apart because of the electrostatic repulsion between the protons.

Question 7

Is the strong nuclear force only significant over short or long distances?

Answer 7

Short distances.

Question 8

Are strong nuclear forces repulsive at very small distances?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

Where does alpha decay happen?

Answer 9

In very large nuclei.

Question 10

What is an alpha particle made up of?

Answer 10

Two neutrons and two protons

Question 11

When does beta-minus decay happen?

Answer 11

When nuclei have too many neutrons

Question 12

What happens to a neutron during beta - minus decay?

Answer 12

The neutron will turn into a proton, releasing a beta particle (an electron) and an antineutrino.

Question 13

Define the word collapsing?

Answer 13

Collapsing is when the strong nuclear force must be repulsive at short distances to prevent the nucleus collapsing.

Question 14

Define the word separating?

Answer 14

The strong nuclear force must be attractive to counteract the electrostatic repulsion

Question 15

What is the antiparticle of the proton?

Answer 15

Antiproton (symbol p with a line over it)

Question 16

What is the antiparticle of the electron?

Answer 16

Positron

Question 17

What is the antiparticle of the neutron?

Answer 17

Antineutron

Question 18

What is the antiparticle of the neutrino?

Answer 18

Antineutrino

Question 19

True or false. Does an antiparticle share the same mass and rest energy as its counterpart?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is the formula to calculate Photon Energy?

Answer 20

Planck constant x frequency

Question 21

What is Planck’s Constant?

Answer 21

It’s a fundamental constant of nature and is equal to 6.63 x 10 ^-34

Question 22

What photon has the highest frequency?

Answer 22

Gamma

Question 23

What photon has the lowest frequency?

Answer 23

Radio

Question 24

What is Annihilation?

Answer 24

When a particle and it’s corresponding antiparticle collide.

Question 25

What happens during Annihilation?

Answer 25

Their masses are converted into pure energy. The energy is carried away by the gamma photon must equal the total energy of the particles to begin with. (kinetic energy + rest mass)

Question 26

What is Pair Production?

Answer 26

The opposite of Annihilation and when one high energy photon spontaneously turns into a particle- antiparticle pair.

Question 27

What is produced after annihilation?

Answer 27

A pair of gamma photons

Question 28

What are the four fundamental forces?

Answer 28

Strong nuclear force Weak nuclear force Gravity Electromagnetic force

Question 29

Which of the fundamental forces is the strongest?

Answer 29

Strong nuclear force

Question 30

Which of the fundamental forces is the weakest?

Answer 30

Gravity

Question 31

What is the only thing experienced by the strong nuclear force?

Answer 31

Hadrons

Question 32

Describe the strong nuclear force?

Answer 32

Can only be felt from a short - range ( a few femtometre) | It's attractive for separations above 0.5fm but strongly repulsive for separations less than about 0.5fm

Question 33

What is the exchange particle for the strong nuclear force?

Answer 33

The gluon

Question 34

What is the virtual photon?

Answer 34

It's the exchange particle of the electromagnetic force

Question 35

What is the exchange particle for the weak nuclear force?

Answer 35

W+, W- and Z0 bosons