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Particles Flashcards

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1
Q

What is protium?

A

A hydrogen atom with 1 proton and zero neutrons.
99.98% of hydrogen atoms are protium.
Used in hydrogen fuel cells

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2
Q

What is Deuterium?

A

A hydrogen atom with 1 proton and 1 neutron.
Around 0.02% of hydrogen atoms are deuterium.
Used in nuclear fission

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3
Q

What is tritium?

A

A hydrogen atom with 1 proton and 2 neutrons.

Used in thermonuclear fusion weapon

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4
Q

What is an Nuclide?

A

Is a specific nucleus and that contains a certain number of protons and neutrons.

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5
Q

What is Carbon -14

A

An isotope of carbon.
All living organisms have the same amount of carbon-14 atoms as percentage of all carbon isotopes.
Once the organism dies, it no longer absorbs carbon from the atmosphere.
Carbon-14 is radioactive and so will decay over a known half-life.

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6
Q

What happens to a nucleus without a strong nuclear force?

A

It would break apart because of the electrostatic repulsion between the protons.

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7
Q

Is the strong nuclear force only significant over short or long distances?

A

Short distances.

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8
Q

Are strong nuclear forces repulsive at very small distances?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Where does alpha decay happen?

A

In very large nuclei.

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10
Q

What is an alpha particle made up of?

A

Two neutrons and two protons

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11
Q

When does beta-minus decay happen?

A

When nuclei have too many neutrons

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12
Q

What happens to a neutron during beta - minus decay?

A

The neutron will turn into a proton, releasing a beta particle (an electron) and an antineutrino.

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13
Q

Define the word collapsing?

A

Collapsing is when the strong nuclear force must be repulsive at short distances to prevent the nucleus collapsing.

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14
Q

Define the word separating?

A

The strong nuclear force must be attractive to counteract the electrostatic repulsion

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15
Q

What is the antiparticle of the proton?

A

Antiproton (symbol p with a line over it)

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16
Q

What is the antiparticle of the electron?

A

Positron

17
Q

What is the antiparticle of the neutron?

A

Antineutron

18
Q

What is the antiparticle of the neutrino?

A

Antineutrino

19
Q

True or false. Does an antiparticle share the same mass and rest energy as its counterpart?

A

True

20
Q

What is the formula to calculate Photon Energy?

A

Planck constant x frequency

21
Q

What is Planck’s Constant?

A

It’s a fundamental constant of nature and is equal to 6.63 x 10 ^-34

22
Q

What photon has the highest frequency?

A

Gamma

23
Q

What photon has the lowest frequency?

A

Radio

24
Q

What is Annihilation?

A

When a particle and it’s corresponding antiparticle collide.

25
Q

What happens during Annihilation?

A

Their masses are converted into pure energy.
The energy is carried away by the gamma photon must equal the total energy of the particles to begin with. (kinetic energy + rest mass)

26
Q

What is Pair Production?

A

The opposite of Annihilation and when one high energy photon spontaneously turns into a particle- antiparticle pair.

27
Q

What is produced after annihilation?

A

A pair of gamma photons

28
Q

What are the four fundamental forces?

A

Strong nuclear force
Weak nuclear force
Gravity
Electromagnetic force

29
Q

Which of the fundamental forces is the strongest?

A

Strong nuclear force

30
Q

Which of the fundamental forces is the weakest?

A

Gravity

31
Q

What is the only thing experienced by the strong nuclear force?

A

Hadrons

32
Q

Describe the strong nuclear force?

A

Can only be felt from a short - range ( a few femtometre)

It’s attractive for separations above 0.5fm but strongly repulsive for separations less than about 0.5fm

33
Q

What is the exchange particle for the strong nuclear force?

A

The gluon

34
Q

What is the virtual photon?

A

It’s the exchange particle of the electromagnetic force

35
Q

What is the exchange particle for the weak nuclear force?

A

W+, W- and Z0 bosons

Physics (5 decks)

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