Particles Flashcards
What is an Atom?
They are the smallest particles of elements, which are made of protons, neutrons and electrons
What is an Element?
They consist of the same type of atoms and can’t be broken down into simpler substances
What is a Compound?
Different elements chemically combined
What is a Mixture?
Combined chemicals which can be separated by physical means
What are Molecules?
Are a group of atoms made of atoms combined
How many states does matter exists in?
3 states
What is a Solid?
These particles are tightly together and slightly move
What is a Liquid?
There particles move fast and past each other (kinetic energy)
What is a Gas?
There particles are far apart and move rapidly colliding with each other (kinetic energy)
When do states change?
States change when the substances is cooled or heated
When a solid is heated does it gain or lose kinetic energy?
Gains kinetic energy and the particles move faster
When changing from a solid to a liquid do bonds break?
Yes
What is : Gas to a solid Solid to a gas Gas to a liquid Liquid to a gas Solid to liquid Liquid to gas
Reverse sublimation Sublimation Condensation Evaporation Melting Freezing
Who made the plum pudding model and in what year?
J J Thomson in 1897
What scientist said that an atom has a nucleus and what year?
It was Ernest Rutherford in 1911
Who and what year was the discovery of the arrangement of electrons?
Niels Bohr in 1913
What is the first 3 shells electron configuration?
2, 8, 8
What is Physical change?
Reversible, no new substance is formed
What is Chemical change?
Not reversible, new substance is formed
What are properties of a solid?
Atoms are packed close together, atoms are arranged in a regular pattern, atoms do not move freely, atoms are held together by bonds, all solids are hard in nature
What are the properties of a liquid?
Atoms are packed close together but not as tight as solids, atoms are arranged randomly, bonds hold atoms together but not as strong as solids so atoms move freely, they take the shape of the container they are in
What are the properties of a gas?
Atoms are very far apart, atoms move around randomly, they take the shape of the container they are in, they can be compressed and squeezed
What is the nucleus made out of?
Protons and neutrons
What do the electrons orbit around on?
Shells
Is the number of protons the same as electrons or neutrons?
Electrons
What is dissolving?
When a solute (solid) diffuses (spreads) through a solvent. ( a liquid in which the solid spreads)
What is a solution?
A solute which has diffused throughout a solvent
What is melting?
A process in which a solid changed state to a liquid
