Particles

Question 1

How to find specific charge

Answer 1

Charge/mass (kg) of a particle

Question 2

What does the strong nuclear force do

Answer 2

Holds the nucleus together by attracting protons and neutrons

Question 3

What is a neutrino

Answer 3

A neutrally charged particle with zero mass, emitted during beta decay

Question 4

What are photons

Answer 4

Packets of electromagnetic radiation

Question 5

What equation links frequency and wavelength

Answer 5

f = c/λ

Question 6

What is an anti-particle

Answer 6

A variation of a particle with the same mass and rest energy, but opposite charge

Question 7

How to create matter and antimatter from energy

Answer 7

Fire 2 protons at each other at high speed, and they may be converted into more particles

Question 8

What is pair production

Answer 8

When a particle and antiparticle are formed from gamma photon

Question 9

What form does the energy from pair production take

Answer 9

Photon

Question 10

What is annihilation

Answer 10

When a particle meets its antiparticle, their mass is converted back to energy

Question 11

What are exchange particles and what are they called

Answer 11

Gauge bosons, the particles exchanged to create a force

Question 12

What are the four fundamental forces

Answer 12

Strong and weak nuclear force
EM force
Gravity

Question 13

What particles are affected by EM force

Answer 13

Charged particles only

Question 14

What particles are affected by the weak force

Answer 14

All types of particles

Question 15

What particles are affected by the strong force

Answer 15

Only hadrons

Question 16

Gauge boson for EM force

Answer 16

Virtual photon (γ)

Question 17

Gauge boson for the weak force

Answer 17

W+, W-

Question 18

Gauge boson for strong force

Answer 18

Pions (π+, π-, πº)

Question 19

What are hadrons and what are the two types

Answer 19

Particles that feel the strong force and are split into baryons (protons and neutrons) and mesons (pions and kaons)

Question 20

What do all baryons decay and what is the one exception and why

Answer 20

Into protons, except protons because they are the only stable baryons

Question 21

What is the baryon number

Answer 21

No of baryons in an interaction

Question 22

What does a neutron decay into

Answer 22

A proton, electron and an antineutrino

Question 23

What are pions

Answer 23

π-mesons are the lightest mesons with three different charges - π+, π-, πº

Question 24

What are kaons

Answer 24

K-mesons are heavier than pions and decay into pions. You get K+ and Kº

Question 25

What are leptons

Answer 25

Fundamental particles that don’t experience the strong force

Question 26

Baryon no of protons and neutrons

Answer 26

+1

Question 27

Baryon no of antibaryons

Answer 27

-1

Question 28

Baryon no of non-baryons

Answer 28

0

Question 29

2 types of hadrons

Answer 29

Baryons and mesons

Question 30

What are quarks

Answer 30

Fundamental particles, the building block for hadrons

Question 31

3 properties of quarks

Answer 31

up, down, strangeness

Question 32

What four properties are always conserved in particle interactions

Answer 32

Charge, baryon no, strangeness in strong interactions and lepton no

Question 33

What is a fundamental particle

Answer 33

A particle that cannot be broken down - has no sub-structure

Question 34

Symbol equation for electron capture

Answer 34

p + e- = n + Ve

Question 35

What makes strange particle different to others

Answer 35

They are created via the strong interaction and decay via the weak