Particles Flashcards
How to find specific charge
Charge/mass (kg) of a particle
What does the strong nuclear force do
Holds the nucleus together by attracting protons and neutrons
What is a neutrino
A neutrally charged particle with zero mass, emitted during beta decay
What are photons
Packets of electromagnetic radiation
What equation links frequency and wavelength
f = c/λ
What is an anti-particle
A variation of a particle with the same mass and rest energy, but opposite charge
How to create matter and antimatter from energy
Fire 2 protons at each other at high speed, and they may be converted into more particles
What is pair production
When a particle and antiparticle are formed from gamma photon
What form does the energy from pair production take
Photon
What is annihilation
When a particle meets its antiparticle, their mass is converted back to energy
What are exchange particles and what are they called
Gauge bosons, the particles exchanged to create a force
What are the four fundamental forces
Strong and weak nuclear force
EM force
Gravity
What particles are affected by EM force
Charged particles only
What particles are affected by the weak force
All types of particles
What particles are affected by the strong force
Only hadrons
Gauge boson for EM force
Virtual photon (γ)
Gauge boson for the weak force
W+, W-
Gauge boson for strong force
Pions (π+, π-, πº)
What are hadrons and what are the two types
Particles that feel the strong force and are split into baryons (protons and neutrons) and mesons (pions and kaons)
What do all baryons decay and what is the one exception and why
Into protons, except protons because they are the only stable baryons
What is the baryon number
No of baryons in an interaction
What does a neutron decay into
A proton, electron and an antineutrino
What are pions
π-mesons are the lightest mesons with three different charges - π+, π-, πº
What are kaons
K-mesons are heavier than pions and decay into pions. You get K+ and Kº
What are leptons
Fundamental particles that don’t experience the strong force
Baryon no of protons and neutrons
+1
Baryon no of antibaryons
-1
Baryon no of non-baryons
0
2 types of hadrons
Baryons and mesons
What are quarks
Fundamental particles, the building block for hadrons
3 properties of quarks
up, down, strangeness
What four properties are always conserved in particle interactions
Charge, baryon no, strangeness in strong interactions and lepton no
What is a fundamental particle
A particle that cannot be broken down - has no sub-structure
Symbol equation for electron capture
p + e- = n + Ve
What makes strange particle different to others
They are created via the strong interaction and decay via the weak
