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A-Level Physics > Mechanics > Flashcards

Mechanics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a scalar with 2 examples

A

A magnitude of something, for example mass, energy

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2
Q

What is a vector with 3 examples

A

A quantity with both magnitude and direction, for example, displacement, acceleration, velocity

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3
Q

What is a moment

A

A turning effect of a force

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4
Q

Moment =

A

force x perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force

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5
Q

What was does the principle of moments state

A

For a body to be in equilibrium, sum of clockwise moment about a point must equal sum of anticlockwise moment about that same point

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6
Q

What is a couple

A

A pair of forces of equal magnitude, acting parallel to each other in opposite directions

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7
Q

What is the mass of a body and what is it measured in

A

The amount of matter within a body; in kgs

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8
Q

What is weight defined as

A

The force experienced by a mass due to a gravitational field strength

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9
Q

Is weight a scalar or vector

A

A vector

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10
Q

What is displacement

A

How far an abject has travelled from starting point in given direction

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11
Q

Define velocity

A

Rate of change of an object’s displacement

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12
Q

Acceleration =

A

Change is velocity / change in time

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13
Q

What will acceleration look like on a D-T graph

A

A curve - upward sloping for acceleration, downward deceleration

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14
Q

How to find velocity from a D-T graph

A

Work out the gradient, which is the velocity

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15
Q

What does the gradient of a V-T graph show

A

Acceleration (as it =Δv/t)

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16
Q

How to find displacement on a V-T graph

A

Area under the graph

17
Q

What is an object’s acceleration if it is free falling

A

Acceleration of g

18
Q

What is Newton’s first law of motion

A

A body will have constant velocity (and direction) unless an external resultant force acts upon it

19
Q

What does Newton’s second law state

A

Acceleration is proportional to force

20
Q

Force =

A

Mass x acceleration

21
Q

What does Newton’s third law state?

A

If object A exerts a forced on object B, then object B exerts an equal but opposite force back on A

22
Q

What are the two types of friction

A

Dry (between solids) and fluid (drag, fluid or air resistance)

23
Q

What does the effect of fluid friction depend on

A

Viscosity of the fluid and shape of the object

24
Q

What is lift

A

An upward force acting on an object in a fluid

25
Q

How does a car reach terminal speed

A

As car accelerates, the frictional forces acting against it increase. This reduces the resultant force on the car and reduces in acceleration. Eventually the car reaches a speed at which the frictional force is equal to the driving force; the car carries on at a constant speed

26
Q

Momentum =

A

Mass x velocity

27
Q

What is an elastic and inelastic collision

A

An elastic collision is where KE in conserved, whereas some is transferred to other forms in inelastic collisions

28
Q

What is always conserved when 2 objects collide, assuming no external forces act

A

The momentum of the 2 objects

29
Q

Define impulse

A

Force x time; the change in momentum

30
Q

Define work

A

The amount of energy transformed from one form to another when a force causes movement

31
Q

Give an example showing energy changes

A

Lifting up a box; gravity is the force opposed and GPE is the final energy form

32
Q

Work done =

A

Force x distance moved

33
Q

What is the area under a force/displacement graph

A

The work done

34
Q

Define power

A

The rate of work done; the amount of energy transferred from one form to another per second

35
Q

Power = (2)

A

change in work done / change in time

Force x velocity

36
Q

What does the conservation of energy state

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; total energy in = total energy out

37
Q

Efficiency =

A

useful output power / input power

38
Q

Work done against air resistance =

A

Loss in GPE - gain in KE

39
Q

For a falling object, what is loss in GPE equal to

A

Gain in its KE

A-Level Physics (8 decks)

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