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Particles Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the atomic number and what is its symbol

A

The number or protons, symbol Z

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2
Q

What is the mass number and what’s its symbol

A

The number of nucleons with the symbol A

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3
Q

What is an isotope

A

An atom with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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4
Q

What are radioactive isotopes used for

A

To find out how old stuff is by using carbon-14 to carbon date objects

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5
Q

What is specific charge

A

The ratio of charge to its mass

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6
Q

What force acts on nucleons

A

The strong nuclear force

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7
Q

Describe how strong nuclear force acts dependent upon separation

A
  • it’s repulsive up to 0.5fm
  • after that it’s an attractive force
  • the strength of the force quickly decreases after about 1fm
  • it falls near to 0 at 3fm
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8
Q

Compare the electrostatic force and strong nuclear force within the nucleus

A
  • the electrostatic is always repulsive but SNF is only repulsive up to 0.5fm
  • the electrostatic force has an infinity range but SNF has a short range
  • SNF is stronger than electrostatic at short distances
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9
Q

When would a particle emit alpha particles

A

It happens in big nuclei like uranium and radium, when they are too massive for the SNF

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10
Q

What particle would emit beta- particles

A

When a nucleus is neutron rich(too many neutrons)

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11
Q

What happens in beta - decay

A

A neutron changes into a proton and electron and instantly emits and electron and an antielectron neutrino

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12
Q

What experiment hypothesised neutrinos

A

Beta decay

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13
Q

What is a photon

A

A packet of electromagnetic radiation

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14
Q

Which has a longer wavelength radio waves or gamma rays

A

Radio waves

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15
Q

Which has a higher frequency gamma rays or radio waves

A

Gamma rays

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16
Q

What happens when you turn energy into mass

A

You get equal amounts of matter and anti-matter

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17
Q

What is pair production

A

When energy (photon) is converted into a particle and its antiparticle

18
Q

How much energy must a photon have in order to undergo pair production

A

It must have twice the amount of the particles rest energy

19
Q

Where does pair production happen and why

A

Close to the nucleus to conserve momentum

20
Q

What is annihilation

A

When a particle meets its antiparticles, all of the mass gets converted into energy which creates two photons of equal energy

21
Q

What are exchange particles called

A

Gauge bosons

22
Q

What is the gauge boson for electromagnetic force and what is affected

A

Virtual photons, it affects charged particles

23
Q

What is the exchange particle for the weak force and what does it affect

A

W+ and W- it affects all types of particles

24
Q

What is the exchange particle for the strong force and what particles does it affect

A

Pions and it affects hadrons only

25
Q

What is the relationship between mass of a gauge boson and range of the force

A

The larger the mass the shorter the range of the force

26
Q

What exchange particle is used for electromagnetic repulsion

A

Photons

27
Q

What is the exchange particle of electron capture.

A

W+

28
Q

What is the exchange particle for beta minus decay

A

W-

29
Q

What force cause electron capture and beta decay

A

The weak force

30
Q

What is a hadron

A

A particle that is made up of quarks and is affected by the strong nuclear force

31
Q

What is a baryon

A

A Hadron made up of 3 quarks

32
Q

What is a meson

A

A hadron made up of a quark and anti-quark

33
Q

What is the only stable baryon

A

Proton

34
Q

What is always conserved in particle equations

A

Baryon number
Charge
Lepton number

35
Q

What are the two types of mesons we need to know

A

Pions and kaons

36
Q

What force is used when mesons interact with a baryons

A

Strong force

37
Q

What is conserved in annihilation

A

Charge energy and momentum

38
Q

What structure can change in the weak interaction

A

The type of quarks

39
Q

What is quark confinement

A

The idea that quarks can’t be separated as pair production will always occur

40
Q

What is the quark structure for K0

A

Down anti-strange

Physics (14 decks)

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