Particles Flashcards
What’s does an atom contain.
A positively charged nucleus composed of protons and neutrons
Electrons that surround the nucleus
Relative charge of neutron
0 (its a neutral charged particle)
Relative charge of electron
-1 (its a negative charged particle)
Relative charge of proton
+1 (it is a positively charged particle)
Define isotopes
Same number of protons, differing numbers of neutrons
Specific charge
Charge / mass
What is the force holding the nuclei together
Strong nuclear force
What is the range of the strong nuclear force
3-4 femtometres (fm)
1 fm =
10^-15 m = 0.000,000,000,000,001m
What range is the strong nuclear force repulsive.
<0.5fm
What distance is the strong nuclear force negligible
> 3-4 fm
Alpha particle is effectively
A helium ion (2+)
Composition of an alpha particle
2 protons no electrons and 2 neutrons
Beta minus radiation is
A fast moving electron
Beta positive radiation is
High energy positron
Beta minus is
Neutron ——->
Proton + electron +anti electron neutrino
Beta plus decay
Proton ————->
Neutron + positron + electron neutrino
Gamma radiation
Electromagnetic radiation emitted by an unstable nucleus.
What can gamma radiation pass through
Thick metal plates
What is a packet of em waves called
A photon
Order of the em spectrum (greatest wavelength to smallest)
Radio,microwave,infrared,visible light,ultraviolet,x-rays,gamma rays
Equation for energy in a photon
E=hf
What does h symbolises
Planck’s constant
What does every particle have
An anti-particle variant of itself.
Anti-particle of a electron
Positron
Annihilation
When a particle and its antiparticle collide and their collective mass is turned into energy.
Pair production
A photon creates a particle and a corresponding anti-particle
Weak nuclear force
Weaker than strong nuclear force and only affects unstable nuclei.
Electron capture
When a proton- rich nucleus absorbs a inner orbital electron to convert a proton to a neutron.
