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Chemistry _Amma > Particles > Flashcards

Particles Flashcards

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1
Q

What are particles?

A

Tiny bits of matter

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2
Q

What do chemists mean by particles?

A

Atoms and molecules

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3
Q

What does the Particle model describe?

A

Arrangement and movement of particles

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4
Q

In the particle model, what are particles represented by?

A

Small solid spheres

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5
Q

Why can’t you compress a substance in its solid state or liquid state according to the particle model?

A

No space for particles to move into

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6
Q

What is a property of a substance in its solid state in terms of shape and flow?

A

Fixed shape, cannot flow

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7
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solids, liquids, gases

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8
Q

When do state changes occur?

A

Melting point, boiling point

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9
Q

What happens at the melting point?

A

Melting and freezing

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10
Q

What happens at the boiling point?

A

Boiling and condensing

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11
Q

What is evaporation?

A

A change of state occurring at any temperature.

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12
Q

When does the maximum rate of evaporation occur?

A

At the boiling point.

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13
Q

Do individual atoms share the same properties as bulk matter?

A

No

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14
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A change that doesn’t involve a change in the identity of the substance.

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15
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances.

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16
Q

What are reactants?

A

The substances that react in a chemical change.

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17
Q

What are products in a chemical reaction?

A

The substances formed by the chemical change.

18
Q

Can physical changes be easily reversed?

A

Yes, because no new substance is formed.

19
Q

What does particle theory explain?

A

How matter changes state depending on energy and forces between particles.

20
Q

What does the energy needed for a state change depend on?

A

The strength of forces acting between the particles.

21
Q

What happens when substances are heated?

A

Particles absorb thermal energy and convert it into kinetic energy

22
Q

What happens to a solid when heated?

A

It expands until bonds break and it melts

23
Q

What happens when a substance reaches its boiling point?

A

Particles gain enough energy to boil

24
Q

What are the limitations of the Particle Theory?

A

Doesn’t consider differences in particles or intermolecular forces

25
Q

What do horizontal sections of a heating/cooling curve represent?

A

Phase changes where temperature remains constant

26
Q

Who developed the atomic theory in 1803?

A

John Dalton

27
Q

What were the three key ideas of John Dalton’s atomic theory?

A

Atomic model, atoms of an element are identical, atoms of different elements are different

28
Q

What is matter made of?

A

Atoms

29
Q

Are atoms of the same element identical?

A

Yes

30
Q

Do atoms combine to form new substances?

A

Yes

31
Q

What feature of science is highlighted in the evolution of atomic models?

A

Adapting to new evidence

32
Q

Who discovered the electron in 1897?

A

J.J. Thomson

33
Q

What experiment did J.J. Thomson conduct to identify the electron?

A

Using a cathode-ray tube

34
Q

What model of the atom did Thomson propose based on his investigations?

A

Plum pudding model

35
Q

Who presented the plum pudding model of the atom in 1909?

A

Ernest Rutherford

36
Q

What experiment did Rutherford, Geiger, and Marsden conduct to study the structure of the atom?

A

Gold foil experiment

37
Q

What did Rutherford infer about the atom’s mass based on the scattering of positively charged particles?

A

Most mass in the nucleus

38
Q

How did Rutherford’s model differ from the plum pudding model of the atom?

A

Atom mainly empty space with nucleus in the center

39
Q

What was the plum pudding model?

A

Electrons in positive sphere

40
Q

What did the nuclear model propose?

A

Nucleus in center, electrons orbiting

41
Q

Who further developed the nuclear model?

A

Niels Bohr

42
Q

What was Bohr’s contribution to the model?

A

Fixed electron orbitals

Chemistry _Amma (8 decks)

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