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Physics A-level > Particles > Flashcards

Particles Flashcards

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1
Q

Define the term “nucleon number.”

A

The sub atomic particles in the nucleus which includes protons and neutrons

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2
Q

What is the equation for specific charge? (Ckg^-1)

A

charge (C)/ mass (kg)

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3
Q

What type of emission do big nuclei undergo? What force cant hold the particles together together?

A

Alpha emission, and the strong nuclear force.

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4
Q

Describe the process of alpha emission.

A

1) 2 protons and 2 neutrons are emitted, therefore the proton number decreases by 2 and the nucleon number

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5
Q

What type of atom/element does beta emission occur within?

A

It happens within isotopes that are neutron rich

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6
Q

What happens in beta minus and plus decay?

A

An electron is emitted along with a antineutrino. (One of the neutrons turn into a proton)
And for beta plus a positron and an neutrino is emitted. (one of the protons turn unto a neutron)

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7
Q

What is the equation for frequency?

A

speed of light/lambda

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8
Q

What are photons?

A

Pockets of electromagnetics radiation (energy)

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9
Q

What does the energy of a photon depend on?

A

The frequency of radiation

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10
Q

What is Plancks constant?

A

6.63 x 10^-34 Js

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11
Q

What are the two equations for energy?

A

plancks constant * frequency
(plancks constant * speed of light)/lambda

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12
Q

What are the similarities and differences to a particle and its corresponding antiparticle?

A
  • same rest mass
  • same resting energy
  • opposite charges
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13
Q

What theory proved that energy can be turned into mass and vise versa?

A

E= mc^2

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14
Q

What is “pair production”?

A

When energy (photons) are used to produce a particle and its corresponding antiparticle.

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15
Q

What is “Annihilation”?

A

When, for example a proton and an antiproton collide to create energy.

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16
Q

What equation can you make with energy, matter and antimatter?

A

Energy —> matter + antimatter

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17
Q

What is the lepton number of a proton?

A

0, because protons are not leptons, and therefore does not have a lepton number.

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18
Q

What particle consists of up, up, down quarks.

A

proton

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19
Q

How many quarks do baryons and mesons have?

A

baryons have 3 quarks
mesons have 2 quarks

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20
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

3.00 x 10^8

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21
Q

How do you convert between MeV to eV?

A

multiply the number of MeV to 1 x 10^6

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22
Q

Up to what point does the strong nuclear force is repulsive?

A

up to 0.5fm

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23
Q

How many fm does it does it take for the strong nuclear force to fall rapidly towards 0?

A

3fm

24
Q

What group of particles do not experience the strong nuclear force?

A

leptons

25
Q

Are baryons unstable or are mesons unstable? Which ones in particular are the most unstable?

A

mesons, and specifically Kaons or K-mesons

26
Q

What is the charge of a strange quark?

A

-1/3

27
Q

What is the charge of of an up quark, and the charge of an antiquark?

A

+2/3, -2/3

28
Q

What is the charge of a down quark, and the charge of an antidown quark?

A

-1/3, +1/3

29
Q

What is the strangeness of an anti-strange quark, and the strangeness of a normal strange quark?

A

+1/3, -1/3

30
Q

What particle consists of an anti-up and two anti-downs?

A

an antineutron

31
Q

Ve is what particle and what is its lepton electron number and its lepton muon number? Include charge.

A

electron-neutrino 0, lepton electron number: +1 and lepton muon number 0

32
Q

μ− is what particle and what is its lepton electron number and its lepton muon number? Include charge.

A

muon -1, lepton electron number: 0 and lepton muon number: +1

33
Q

Vμ is what particle and what is its lepton electron number and its lepton muon number? Include charge.

A

muon-neutrino 0, lepton electron number number:0 and lepton muon number +1

34
Q

How do you convert between mega electron volts to joules?

A

1MeV = 1 × 10^6 eV = 1.6 × 10^–13 J

35
Q

What are the 4 fundamental forces of nature?

A

-strong nuclear force
-weak nuclear force
-electromagnetic force
-gravity

36
Q

What type of particles do the Electromagnetic force affect?

A

charged particles

37
Q

What does the strong nuclear force act between?

A

quarks

38
Q

What is the weak nuclear force responsible for?

A

radioactive decay

39
Q

What does gravity act between?

A

particles with mass

40
Q

What is the exchange particle between quarks?

A

gluon

41
Q

What is created during electromagnetic interactions?

A

virtual photons

42
Q

What are the three exchange particles involving radioactive decay?

A

W+
W-
Z^0

43
Q

(On a quantum scale) Which one of the forces of nature is the weakest?

A

gravity

44
Q

What is a Feynman diagram?

A

ways of representing interactions

45
Q

What is the exchange particle in a gravitational interaction?

A

graviton

46
Q

What is the quark structure of a K+ kaon

A

up, anti strange

47
Q

What is the quark structure of a K- kaon

A

anti up, strange

48
Q

What is the quark structure of a K0 kaon

A

down, anti strange

49
Q

What is the quark structure of a pi - pion

A

down, anti up

50
Q

What is the quark structure of a pi+ pion

A

up, anti down

51
Q

What is the quark structure of a pi0 pion

A

up, anti up or down, anti down

52
Q

What does pi+ decay into?

A

muon and a muon neutrino

53
Q

What does pi- decay into?

A

muon- and an anti muon neutrino

54
Q

What does K+ decay into? (all three)

A

muon and a muon neutrino or pi+ and pi0 or pi+, pi+ and pi-

55
Q

What does K- decay into? (all three)

A

anti muon and an anti muon neutrino or pi- and pi0 or pi0, anti muon and an anti muon neutrino

56
Q

What type of interaction does kaon pair production occur via?

A

strong interaction

57
Q

What is the equation for kaon pair production?

A

p+p–> p+p+ (k+) + (k-)

Physics A-level (6 decks)

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