Particles Flashcards
Define the term “nucleon number.”
The sub atomic particles in the nucleus which includes protons and neutrons
What is the equation for specific charge? (Ckg^-1)
charge (C)/ mass (kg)
What type of emission do big nuclei undergo? What force cant hold the particles together together?
Alpha emission, and the strong nuclear force.
Describe the process of alpha emission.
1) 2 protons and 2 neutrons are emitted, therefore the proton number decreases by 2 and the nucleon number
What type of atom/element does beta emission occur within?
It happens within isotopes that are neutron rich
What happens in beta minus and plus decay?
An electron is emitted along with a antineutrino. (One of the neutrons turn into a proton)
And for beta plus a positron and an neutrino is emitted. (one of the protons turn unto a neutron)
What is the equation for frequency?
speed of light/lambda
What are photons?
Pockets of electromagnetics radiation (energy)
What does the energy of a photon depend on?
The frequency of radiation
What is Plancks constant?
6.63 x 10^-34 Js
What are the two equations for energy?
plancks constant * frequency
(plancks constant * speed of light)/lambda
What are the similarities and differences to a particle and its corresponding antiparticle?
- same rest mass
- same resting energy
- opposite charges
What theory proved that energy can be turned into mass and vise versa?
E= mc^2
What is “pair production”?
When energy (photons) are used to produce a particle and its corresponding antiparticle.
What is “Annihilation”?
When, for example a proton and an antiproton collide to create energy.
What equation can you make with energy, matter and antimatter?
Energy —> matter + antimatter
What is the lepton number of a proton?
0, because protons are not leptons, and therefore does not have a lepton number.
What particle consists of up, up, down quarks.
proton
How many quarks do baryons and mesons have?
baryons have 3 quarks
mesons have 2 quarks
What is the speed of light?
3.00 x 10^8
How do you convert between MeV to eV?
multiply the number of MeV to 1 x 10^6
Up to what point does the strong nuclear force is repulsive?
up to 0.5fm
How many fm does it does it take for the strong nuclear force to fall rapidly towards 0?
3fm
What group of particles do not experience the strong nuclear force?
leptons
Are baryons unstable or are mesons unstable? Which ones in particular are the most unstable?
mesons, and specifically Kaons or K-mesons
What is the charge of a strange quark?
-1/3
What is the charge of of an up quark, and the charge of an antiquark?
+2/3, -2/3
What is the charge of a down quark, and the charge of an antidown quark?
-1/3, +1/3
What is the strangeness of an anti-strange quark, and the strangeness of a normal strange quark?
+1/3, -1/3
What particle consists of an anti-up and two anti-downs?
an antineutron
Ve is what particle and what is its lepton electron number and its lepton muon number? Include charge.
electron-neutrino 0, lepton electron number: +1 and lepton muon number 0
μ− is what particle and what is its lepton electron number and its lepton muon number? Include charge.
muon -1, lepton electron number: 0 and lepton muon number: +1
Vμ is what particle and what is its lepton electron number and its lepton muon number? Include charge.
muon-neutrino 0, lepton electron number number:0 and lepton muon number +1
How do you convert between mega electron volts to joules?
1MeV = 1 × 10^6 eV = 1.6 × 10^–13 J
What are the 4 fundamental forces of nature?
-strong nuclear force
-weak nuclear force
-electromagnetic force
-gravity
What type of particles do the Electromagnetic force affect?
charged particles
What does the strong nuclear force act between?
quarks
What is the weak nuclear force responsible for?
radioactive decay
What does gravity act between?
particles with mass
What is the exchange particle between quarks?
gluon
What is created during electromagnetic interactions?
virtual photons
What are the three exchange particles involving radioactive decay?
W+
W-
Z^0
(On a quantum scale) Which one of the forces of nature is the weakest?
gravity
What is a Feynman diagram?
ways of representing interactions
What is the exchange particle in a gravitational interaction?
graviton
What is the quark structure of a K+ kaon
up, anti strange
What is the quark structure of a K- kaon
anti up, strange
What is the quark structure of a K0 kaon
down, anti strange
What is the quark structure of a pi - pion
down, anti up
What is the quark structure of a pi+ pion
up, anti down
What is the quark structure of a pi0 pion
up, anti up or down, anti down
What does pi+ decay into?
muon and a muon neutrino
What does pi- decay into?
muon- and an anti muon neutrino
What does K+ decay into? (all three)
muon and a muon neutrino or pi+ and pi0 or pi+, pi+ and pi-
What does K- decay into? (all three)
anti muon and an anti muon neutrino or pi- and pi0 or pi0, anti muon and an anti muon neutrino
What type of interaction does kaon pair production occur via?
strong interaction
What is the equation for kaon pair production?
p+p–> p+p+ (k+) + (k-)
