Particles Flashcards
the Proton number is also known as the
ATOMIC NOº / Z Number
The mass number is also known as
THE A NUMBER
Define specific charge
Charge to mass ratio (Charge in C / Mass in KG)
What makes something an isotope? (structure)
The same atomic number but different mass number (same protons different neutrons)
Compare carbon-12 and carbon-13’s chemical proporties.
Isotopes have = chemical proporties but BIG changes in stability.
What are the 3 forces acting on nucleons?
EM Force
Gravity
STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE
What is a femto-meter?
1 x 10-15m
Unstable nucli ______
Give off particles to stablise themselves
Beta decay happens in _____ Nucli
Smaller
alpha decay happens in _____ Nucli
larger
Why was the neutrino hypothesised?
Just an electron doesn’t conserve momentum or energy or lepton number
A Photon is
A discrete packet of energy
What’s the equation that links frequency and energy
E=hf
energy = E =joules
Planks Constant = h = Constant
frequency = f = Hz
Anti-particles have the same ___ But opposing ____, _____ and _______
Same = mass
opposing = charge / baryon number / lepton number
What is pair production?
When one photon of at least the rest mass (energy) of an antiparticle particle pair spontaneously becomes that p/ap pair.
How much energy does the product of annihilation have?
The energy of the photons produced are (the rest mass + the total Ke)
What does the strong nuclear force affect?
Hadrons only (mesons and baryons)
What is the only stable nucleon?
a FREE proton
All baryons eventually decay to ____
Protons
In strong interactions _____ is always conserved
STRANGENESS
What is the exchange particle of the strong force
The pion
In the weak nuclear interaction ____ is not conserved
STRANGENESS
Measons interact with _____ via the _____
Baryons / strong nuclear force
What are the 4 fundamental forces and what are their exchange particles?
Gravity - Graviton
Strong Nu - Pion
Weak Nu - W-/W+
EM - γ virtual photon.
Leptons are ____ Particles
Fundamental
Leptons interact via ____, _____ and _____ not _____
Weak force
Em
Gravity
NOT STRONG
What is a muon?
A Heavy electron that will decay to form an electron.
Measons are made up from _____
quark, anti-quark pair
Weak interaction can ______ Quarks
Change the character (U –> D for e.g.)
What’s the range of the electrostatic force? why?
INFINITE. (photon has no mass so can travel infinite amounts)
Quark composition of a proton
UDD
Quark composition of a neutron
UUD
