Particle Theory and Changes of State Flashcards
SOLID WARMING
remember that in a solid particles move by vibrating back and forth in the same place. If you have a solid and you add heat to it, the particles will gain energy from the heat and begin to move faster. Logically, when the particles move faster it causes an INCREASE in temperature
SOLID MELTING
In order for a solid to change into a liquid, particles must be set free from their set places in the solid. Because solid particles have a high force of attraction with each other, this process takes alot of energy. Since all of the energy is used to allow the particles to escape, there is no energy left to make the remaining solid particles move any faster than already are. Therefore, during the melting process, even though you are adding heat, the temperature STAYS THE SAME
LIQUID WARMING
Once all of a solid has melted, energy that was used to break apart the solid can now again be used to make the new liquid particles move faster and faster. Logically, if you continue to add heat to this liquid the temperature will increase
LIQUID BOILING
Eventually, if you continue to add heat to a liquid it will begin the process of changing to a gas. In order for the liquid particles to change into a gas it used up a lot of energy. This is because the particles must overcome two forces - the force of attraction between liquid particles and the force of gravity. Because of this, while the particles at the top of a beaker filled with liquid are turning into a gas there is no energy left for the remaining particles to move any faster. Therefore, during the boiling process, just like melting, even though you are adding heat the temperature STAYS THE SAME
GAS WARMING
Once all of a liquid has boiled, energy that was used to allow liquid particles to escape the surface can now again be used to make the new gas particles move faster and faster. Logically if you continue to add heat to this gas the temperature will INCREASE
