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Physics > Particle physics > Flashcards

Particle physics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the smallest unit of matter?

A

Atom

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2
Q

True or False: Electrons have a positive charge.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: Protons are found in the nucleus of an _____ atom.

A

Atom

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4
Q

What are the three main types of subatomic particles?

A

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

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5
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

Neutral

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6
Q

Which particle has the smallest mass?

A

Electron

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7
Q

What is the role of the strong nuclear force?

A

To hold protons and neutrons together in the nucleus

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8
Q

True or False: Quarks are fundamental particles.

A

True

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9
Q

What are the four fundamental forces of nature?

A

Gravity, Electromagnetism, Weak Nuclear Force, Strong Nuclear Force

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the particle that mediates the electromagnetic force.

A

Photon

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11
Q

Which particle is responsible for mediating the weak nuclear force?

A

W and Z bosons

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12
Q

What is the term for a particle that has a mass but no electric charge?

A

Neutron

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13
Q

True or False: All particles have an antiparticle counterpart.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the name of the particle associated with the Higgs field?

A

Higgs boson

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15
Q

What is the primary constituent of atomic nuclei?

A

Protons and Neutrons

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the force that causes the attraction between charged particles.

A

Electromagnetic force

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17
Q

What is the mass of a proton compared to that of a neutron?

A

Approximately equal

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18
Q

What do we call the process by which a neutron decays into a proton?

A

Beta decay

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19
Q

Which particle is considered a fundamental building block of matter?

A

Quark

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20
Q

True or False: Photons have mass.

A

False

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21
Q

What is the term for the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom?

A

Atomic number

22
Q

What type of particle is a gluon?

A

Gauge boson

23
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ force is responsible for radioactive decay.

A

Weak nuclear force

24
Q

What is the term for the force that holds quarks together?

A

Strong force

25
Q

What is the main function of leptons?

A

They are a family of particles that include electrons and neutrinos.

26
Q

True or False: The neutron is an elementary particle.

A

False

27
Q

What are baryons?

A

Particles made up of three quarks.

28
Q

What is the difference between fermions and bosons?

A

Fermions follow the Pauli exclusion principle, while bosons do not.

29
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a particle that carries the strong force.

A

Gluon

30
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

Approximately 9.11 x 10^-31 kg

31
Q

True or False: Neutrinos have a significant mass.

A

False

32
Q

What do we call particles that are made of quarks?

A

Hadrons

33
Q

What is antimatter?

A

Matter composed of antiparticles.

34
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ model describes the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus.

A

Bohr model

35
Q

What is the significance of the Higgs boson?

A

It is associated with the mechanism that gives mass to other particles.

36
Q

What is the role of neutrinos in particle physics?

A

They are involved in weak interactions.

37
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a type of particle accelerator.

A

Collider

38
Q

What is the primary purpose of particle physics research?

A

To understand the fundamental components and forces of the universe.

39
Q

True or False: The standard model includes gravity.

A

False

40
Q

What is a lepton?

A

A fundamental particle that does not undergo strong interactions.

41
Q

What are the two main categories of particles in the standard model?

A

Fermions and bosons

42
Q

What is the role of the weak force in particle interactions?

A

Responsible for processes like beta decay.

43
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a particle that mediates the strong force.

A

Gluon

44
Q

What is the primary characteristic of bosons?

A

They can occupy the same quantum state.

45
Q

True or False: All baryons are unstable.

A

False

46
Q

What is a photon?

A

A quantum of electromagnetic radiation.

47
Q

What is the term for the process where a particle and its antiparticle collide and annihilate each other?

A

Annihilation

48
Q

What is the significance of the discovery of the top quark?

A

It confirmed the predictions of the standard model.

49
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the force that binds electrons to the nucleus.

A

Electromagnetic force

50
Q

What is the primary function of the strong force?

A

To keep protons and neutrons together in the nucleus.

Physics (12 decks)

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