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Physics > Chemicals physics > Flashcards

Chemicals physics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a mole in chemistry?

A

A mole is defined as 6.022 x 10^23 particles of a substance.

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2
Q

True or False: The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in its nucleus.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI) is the ______.

A

Pascal

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4
Q

What is the primary difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

A

An ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons, while a covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons.

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5
Q

Which of the following is a strong acid? a) HCl b) CH3COOH c) NH3 d) H2O

A

a) HCl

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6
Q

What is Avogadro’s number?

A

6.022 x 10^23

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7
Q

True or False: The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.

A

True

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8
Q

What is the formula for calculating density?

A

Density = Mass/Volume

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of a solid turning directly into a gas is called ______.

A

sublimation

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10
Q

What is the principle behind Le Chatelier’s principle?

A

If a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change in concentration, temperature, or pressure, the system will adjust to counteract that change.

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11
Q

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

A

Electron

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12
Q

True or False: All elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties.

A

True

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13
Q

What is the main component of natural gas?

A

Methane (CH4)

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be ______ or ______ in a chemical reaction.

A

created; destroyed

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15
Q

What is the term for the energy required to break a bond in a molecule?

A

Bond dissociation energy

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16
Q

Which of the following is an example of a physical change? a) Burning wood b) Dissolving sugar in water c) Rusting iron d) Baking a cake

A

b) Dissolving sugar in water

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17
Q

What is the term for the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius?

A

Specific heat capacity

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18
Q

True or False: An endothermic reaction absorbs heat from its surroundings.

A

True

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19
Q

What does the term ‘electronegativity’ refer to?

A

The tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.

20
Q

What is the chemical formula for water?

A

H2O

21
Q

Fill in the blank: The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and ______.

A

gas

22
Q

What is the effect of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

Generally, an increase in temperature increases the reaction rate.

23
Q

Which gas is produced during photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen (O2)

24
Q

True or False: A catalyst increases the activation energy of a reaction.

A

False

25
Q

What is the term for the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature?

A

Solubility

26
Q

Which of the following is a non-metal? a) Sodium b) Chlorine c) Iron d) Magnesium

A

b) Chlorine

27
Q

What does a chemical equation represent?

A

A chemical equation represents the reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

28
Q

Fill in the blank: The main gas contributing to the greenhouse effect is ______.

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

29
Q

What is the term for the process by which a liquid turns into vapor?

A

Evaporation

30
Q

True or False: Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

A

True

31
Q

What is the primary purpose of a buffer solution?

A

To maintain a stable pH in a solution.

32
Q

Which of the following elements is a noble gas? a) Helium b) Oxygen c) Nitrogen d) Hydrogen

A

a) Helium

33
Q

What is the process of converting a gas into a liquid called?

A

Condensation

34
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element.

A

atom

35
Q

What is the significance of the octet rule in chemistry?

A

Atoms tend to bond in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell.

36
Q

True or False: A solution with a pH of 7 is considered neutral.

A

True

37
Q

What is the chemical formula for table salt?

A

NaCl

38
Q

Which type of reaction involves the combination of two or more substances to form a single product?

A

Synthesis reaction

39
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ shell is the outermost shell of electrons in an atom.

A

valence

40
Q

What is the name of the process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy?

A

Photosynthesis

41
Q

True or False: The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure.

A

True

42
Q

What is the term for a mixture that has a uniform composition throughout?

A

Homogeneous mixture

43
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of metals? a) Brittle b) Good conductors of heat and electricity c) Dull appearance d) Low melting points

A

b) Good conductors of heat and electricity

44
Q

What is the primary factor that affects the solubility of a solute in a solvent?

A

Temperature

45
Q

Fill in the blank: The law of definite proportions states that a chemical compound always contains its component elements in ______ by mass.

A

fixed ratio

Physics (12 decks)

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