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Eleanor Rowe Physics > Particle Model Of Matter > Flashcards

Particle Model Of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the equation for density in words?

A

Density (kg/m^3)= mass (kg) / volume (m^3)

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2
Q

What is the equation for density in symbols?

A 
p = m/V 
P= density 
M= mass 
V = volume
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3
Q

True/false : a dense material has its particles packed tightly together

A

True

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4
Q

True/false: the particles in a less dense material are packed lightly together

A

False, they are spread out

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5
Q

What happens to the particles in a material if you compress it?

A

They would move closer together so it would be more dense.

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6
Q

Properties of particles in a solid

A

Strong forces of attraction hold particles close together
Fixed, regular arrangement
Not much energy in particles so only vibrate in fixed position
High density

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7
Q

Properties of particles in a liquid

A

Weaker forces of attraction between particles
Particles are close together but can move past each other
Irregularly arranged
Particles have more energy so move in random directions at low speeds
Less dense than solids

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8
Q

Properties of particles of a gas

A

No force of attraction between particles
More energy than liquids and solids
Free to move in random directions at high speeds
Low density

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9
Q

How to find the density of a regular solid object

A

Weigh mass
Set balance to 0
Measure length, width and height using ruler and calculate volume
Use density formula to work out density

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10
Q

How to work out density of irregular shaped solid

A

Weigh the mass
Submerged object in eureka van filled with water and measure how much water is displaced out of spout into a measuring cylinder
The amount of water in the measuring cylinder is it’s volume
Use density formula to calculate the density

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11
Q

How to work out density of a liquid

A

Place measuring cylinder on scales and set to 0
Pour 10 ml (the volume) of liquid into measuring cylinder and record the mass
Set scales to 0 and keep repeating to make sure the experiment is fair
Work out average mass of 10ml of water
Calculate density using the formula

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12
Q

What energy stores does particles in any substance have?

A

Kinetic
Potential
Internal ( total of kinetic and potential)

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13
Q

What happens with the energy in particles when you heat up the substance?

A

Heating the substance transfers energy to its particles, increasing the internal energy so it moves faster

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14
Q

What can happen to a substance when it is heated

A

Change in temperature
Change in state
Change of mass

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15
Q

What has to happen for a substance to change state?

A

It needs to be heated enough so there is enough kinetic energy for it to move fast so the bonds holding them together are broken

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16
Q

What happens to the particles of a substance when it is cooled

A

The particles lose energy and form bonds

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17
Q

Name for change from a solid to a liquid

A

Melting

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18
Q

Name for changing from liquid to solid

A

Freezing

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19
Q

Name for changing from liquid to gas

A

Boiling or evaporating

20
Q

Name for changing from gas to liquid

A

Condensing

21
Q

Name for changing from solid to gas

A

Sublimation

22
Q

Name for changing from gas to solid

A

Deposition

23
Q

True/ false: the number of particles doesn’t change when a substance changes state

A

True, they are just arranged differently

24
Q

When a substance is heated, Energy is put into it, what is this energy used for and what is it not used for?

A

It is used to breaking the intermolecular bonds, not raising the temperature

25
Q

When a substance cools, what changes in the substance, and what doesn’t change?

A

What changes: bonds are formed between the particles, releasing energy
What doesn’t change: the temperature doesn’t go down ( until all the substance has finished changing into that particular state change.

26
Q

What parts of a temperature/time graph shows the state change?

A

The flat parts

27
Q

The energy needed to change the state of a substance is called…

A

Latent heat

28
Q

What is the specific latent heat

A

The amount of energy needed to change 1 kg of it from one state to another without changing its temperature

29
Q

The specific latent heat for changing between a solid and a liquid is called the…

A

Specific latent heat of fusion

30
Q

The specific latent heat for changing between a liquid and gas is called..

A

The specific latent heat of vaporisation

31
Q

What formula links mass, energy and SLH

A

Energy = mass x SLH

32
Q

What are the symbols for energy mass and SLH

A 
Energy = E
Mass = M
SLH= L
33
Q

What are units for energy?

A

J for Joules

34
Q

Units for mass

A

Kg ( mass)

35
Q

Units for SLH

A

J/kg

36
Q

Whathappens when gas particles move around and collide with each other and the container walls

A

They increase the pressure by exerting a force

37
Q

What happens when the temperature of a gas increases

A

The particles live faster so there is more collisions therefore the pressure increases

38
Q

What happens to the pressure of a gas in a container if you increase the volume of the gas

A

The pressure will decrease as the particles will be more spread out so less collisions take place

39
Q

True/false: pressure and volume are directly proportional

A

False, they are inversely proportional

40
Q

How do you work out the new pressure or volume of a substance?

A

P1V1 = P2V2

41
Q

What does a inverse proportionality graph look like for pressure and 1/Volume

A

A straight diagonal line

42
Q

What does the graph for pressure and volume being directly proportional look like

A

A curve going down then to the left

The dip in the bottom left corner

43
Q

What will happen to a balloon when gas is out inside of it?

A

It will expand to allow to pressure to stay at a suitable amount so it doesn’t pop

44
Q

What happens when you apply a force to a gas

A

You are doing work so the gas increases it’s internal energy which increases it’s temperature

45
Q

Why does a tyre heat up when you use a pump to put air in it

A

The gas applied pressure to the plunger of the pump and exerts force on it
Work is done against this force to push down the plunger
This makes the gas particles live faster and increase in temperature which heats the tyre up

Eleanor Rowe Physics (11 decks)

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