Forces Flashcards
What is a vector quantity with examples
Has magnitude and direction
Eg force velocity displacement acceleration momentum
What is a scalar quantity with eg
Only magnitude no direction
Eg speed distance mass temperature time
How are vectors shown
As an arrow
What is a contact force with eg
When two objects have to touch for a force to act
Eg friction air resistance tension in rope normal contact force
What is a non contact force with eg
Objects don’t need to be touching for the force to act
Eg magnetic force gravitational force electrostatic force
How are the sun and earth attracted to each other
Gravitational non contact force
Equal but opposite attraction is felt
What is gravity
The force of attraction between masses
What are the two important effects of gravity
Makes everything fall towards the ground on the surface of the earth
Gives everything a weight
What is mass
What is it measured in
What is it’s symbol
The amount of matter in an object
Kg
m
What is weight
What is it measured in
What is it’s symbol
The force acting on an object due to gravity
Newton’s (N)
W
Is mass a force
No
True/false: mass and weight are directly proportional
True
What is the equation including gravity mass and weight
Include symbols and units
Weight (W) (Newton’s) = Mass (m) (Kg) x Gravitational Field strength (g) (N/kg)
What two forces act on a skydiver
Drag (air resistance) and weight
What is a free body diagram?
Diagram showing all the different forces acting on one isolated system
Length of arrows shows scale of how large each force it
What is a resultant force
The overall force on a force or object
Finish the sentence: when a force moves an object through a distance…
Energy is transferred and work is done on the object
What is the equation linking force work and distance with symbols and units
Work done (W) (J) = Force (F) (Newton’s) x Distance (s) (m)
What is one joule of work equal to
When a force of one newton causes an object to move one meter
1J=1Nm
What is elastically deformation
What an object can’t go back to its original shape and length after the force has been removed
What is inelastically deformation
The object doesn’t return to its original shape and length after the force has been removed
What happens when work is don’t to compress a spring
What happens if the object is inelastically deformed
Energy is transferred to the elastic potential energy store of the object
All the energy is in elastically deformation
Only some is in inelastically deformation
What is the equation that links spring constant force and extension with symbols and units
Force (F) Newton) = spring constant (k) (N/m) x Extension (e) (m)
Does a stiffer spring have a greater or lower spring constant
Greater
How is the limit for the amount of force applied to extend a spring shown on a graph and what is this called
The graph starts to curve showing force and extension are no longer proportional
Called the limit of proportionality
Practical method for investigating link between force and extension
Measure natural length of spring ( read at eye level)
Add mass to spring, record new length of spring
Repeat process until enough measurements
Plot a graph
Will only start to curve if exceed limit of proportionality
What is the equation for elastic potential energy with units and symbols
Elastic potential energy (E) (J) = 0.5 x spring constant (k) (N/m) x extension^2 (e) (m)
What is a moment
The turning effect of a force
What is the equation for moments with symbols and units
Moment (M) (Nm) = Force (F) (N) x distance (m)
What is the distance in the moment equation
The perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force
How do levers make it easier to do work
They increase the distance from the pivot meaning less force is needed to get the same moment
What are gears
Circular disks with teeth around the edges
How do gears work
Their teeth interlock so that turning one causes another to turn in the opposite direction
Used to transmit the rotational effect of a force from one place to another
True or false a smaller gear will turn slower than a large gear
False a large gear turns slower