particle model of matter Flashcards
how do you find the density of a regular object? - practical
- measure the height, width and length of one of the blocks using a 30cm ruler, multiply the results to calculate the volume of the block
- use a digital balance to find the mass of the block
- calculate density using your results (mass/volume)
how do you find the density of an irregular object?
- measure mass of object
- tie a piece of string around the object
- place the eureka can on a block and place a beaker under the spout
- fill the eureka can until water is coming out the spout, stop adding water then wait until it has stopped dripping
- remove the beaker and replace it with a measuring cylinder
- lower the irregular object into eureka can until it is fully submerge
- collect any water that comes out the spout then record its volume, calculate density (mass / volume)
- repeat steps for other objects
what are the properties of a solid?
compact, in rows and columns, strong bonds, vibrate around a fixed point
what are the properties of liquids?
weak bonds, takes shape of container, slide over each other
what are the properties of gas?
no bonds, collide with each other, no shape
how do you work out specific heat capacity (practical)
- place electrical immersion heater into the central hole at the top of a weighed metal block
- connect the heater in series with an ammeter and in parallel with a voltmeter
- place thermometer into smaller hole, add 2 drops of water into the hole too to make sure the thermometer is surrounded by hot material
- insulate the block by wrapping it with cotton wool
- record the temperature of the block
- connect the heater to the power supply and turn it on for 5 minutes
- after 5 minutes, turn the heater off, the temperature will still rise even though the heater has been turned off it will then cool, record the highest temperature
what do you call the process from a solid to a liquid?
melting
what do you call the process from a liquid to a gas?
evaporating
what do you call the process from a gas to a liquid?
condensing
what do you call the process from a liquid to a solid?
freezing
what are atoms made out of?
protons, electrons and neutrons
what is the charge of a proton?
+1
what is the mass of a proton?
1
what is the charge of a neutron?
0
what is the mass of a neutron?
1
what is the charge of an electron?
-1
what is the mass of an electron
next to zero
what did jj thompson discover?
the electron
what was inside jj thompsons model?
a positive body and negative electrons
what was rutherford’s ‘alpha scattering’
he fired alpha particles expecting them to all go through the thin piece of gold foil however he discovered 1 in 8000 would bounce back
what did rutherford conclude from his experiment?
that there were 2 particles inside the nucleus, it showed the nucleus was dense, small, positively charged and that most of the atom was empty space
what is the mass number?
protons + neutrons
what is an isotope?
an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
what are the three types of ionising radiation?
alpha, beta, gamma
