particle model of matter Flashcards
particle structure of a solid
- close, fixed, regular arrangement
- only vibrate
particle structure of a liquid
- close, not fixed, irregular
- flow over each other
particle structure of a gas
- free to move in random directions
- highest energy
how to find density of a solid
submerge it in a eureka can and mesure volume in measuring cylinder
what is internal energy
total energy of a system in its kinetic and potential stores
what three factors control temperature change of a substance
mass
material (shc)
energy input
state change of solid to gas
sublimation
what differs a changing of state to a chemical reaction
state changes are reversible
what is specific latent heat
energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without change in temperature
what do flat areas mean on a graph
energy is not going into thermal stores - it is being used to break/make bonds to change state
what is specific latent heat of fusion?
energy required to change 1 kg of a substance in a solid state to a liquid state without change in temperature
what is specific latent heat of vapourisation
energy required to change 1kg of a substance from liquid state to gas state without change in temperature
describe the force that the pressure of a gas exerts on the walls of its container
net force at right angles to the surface
how does heating a gas create more pressure (at constant volume)
- increase in tempurature transfers more energy to kinetic stores of gas
- particles more faster so collide more
- greater force
- therefore greater pressure
what does it mean by pressure and volume are directly proportional
at constant temperature, if volume increases, pressure decreases, and vice versa
