particle model of matter Flashcards
describe the arrangement of particles in a solid
all touching, regular pattern, vibrate about a fixed position
describe the arrangement of particles in a liquid
close together, random arrangement, move around eachother
describe the arrangement of particles in a gas
far apart, random arrangement, move quickly in all directions
solid to liquid
melting
liquid to gas
boiling
solid to gas
sublimation
gas to liquid
condensation
liquid to solid
freezing
properties of solid
fixed shape, cannot be compressed
properties of liquid
can flow and take shape of container, cannot be compressed
properties of gas
can flow and completely fill container, can be compressed
density mass & volume equation
density = mass / volume
highest density
solid
lowest density
gas
changes of state - physical or chemical
physical
what is a physical change
the material recovers its original properties if the change is reversed
what is internal energy
total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles
heating a system impact on internal energy
increases energy stored
what happens when temp of substance increases
kinetic and potential energy of particles increases
what happens when a substance changes state
increase in potential energy but not kinetic energy of particles
specific heat capacity
amount of energy required to raise the temp of 1 kg of the substance by 1’C
specific latent heat
amount of energy required to change the state of 1 kg or the substance with no change in temp
energy change, mass, specific heat capacity, change in temp
change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temp change
energy, mass, specific latent heat
energy for a change of state = mass x specific latent heat
specific latent heat of fusion
amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance from a solid to liquid
specific latent heat of vaporisation
amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance from liquid to gas
what is average kinetic energy of a gas related to
its temp
what happens to the pressure of a gas at constant volume if u increase temp
pressure increases
what happens to motion of molecules in a gas as its temp increases
velocity increases
why does pressure of a gas at fixed volume increase with temp
more frequent and more energetic collisions from particles with a container
how is pressure caused by a gas in a container
collisions with the container walls
what does the pressure of a gas cause on the walls of a container
a force at right angles
whats the effect on pressure when the volume of a gas decreases but the temp remains constant
the pressure decreases
what is work
the transfer of energy (by a force)
what does doing work do to the internal energy of a gas
increases the internal energy of a gas (can cause an increased temp)
