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physics paper 1 > electricity > Flashcards

electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a battery?

A

more than 1 cell

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2
Q

how must an ammeter be placed in a circuit?

A

in series

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3
Q

how must a voltmeter be placed in a ciruit?

A

in parallel to the component

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4
Q

what is needed for charge to flow through a closed circuit?

A

a source of potential difference, eg a cell

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5
Q

define current

A

rate of flow of electrical charge

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6
Q

what is the equation linking charge, current and time?

A

charge = current x time
(CHCT)

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7
Q

define potential difference

A

the work done when a coulomb of charge passes between two points

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8
Q

what is the equation linking potential difference, current and resistance?

A

potential = current x resistance
(PDCR)

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9
Q

what is a series circuit?

A

the components are in 1 complete loop

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10
Q

what is a parallel circuit?

A

the components are in more than 1 loop

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11
Q

draw the current-potential difference graph for an ohmic conductor

A

/

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12
Q

draw the current-potential difference graph for a filament lamp

A

. _
_/ (S shaped)

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13
Q

draw the current-potential difference graph for a diode

A

___/

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14
Q

how does the resistance of a thermistor change as temperature changes?

A

an increase in temperature decreases the resistance

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15
Q

how does the resistance of an LDR change as light intensity changes

A

an increase in light intensity decreases the resistance

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16
Q

how does current behave in a series circuit?

A

same at every point in a circuit

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17
Q

how does pd behave in a series circuit

A

total pd of the power supply is shared between components

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18
Q

how does resistance behave in a series ciruit

A

increases with number of components

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19
Q

how do you calculate the total resistance of components in series

A

add the individual resistances together
Rtotal = R1 + R2

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20
Q

how does current behave in a parallel circuit

A

current splits to go down different branches, and joins to go back through the power supply

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21
Q

how does pd behave in a parallel circuit

A

pd across each branch is the same as the power supply

22
Q

how does resistance behave in a parallel circuit

A

total resistance of 2 resistors is less than the resistance of the smallest individual resistor

23
Q

how can you measure the resistance of a component

A

use an ammeter in series and a voltmeter in parallel to measure the pd across and the current through a component

24
Q

what is the pd of main electricity in the UK

A

230V

25
Q

what is the frequency of main electricity in the UK

A

50Hz

26
Q

what is direct current

A

the flow of charge is in one direction only

27
Q

what is alternating current

A

the flow of charge is continually changing direction

28
Q

what is direct pd

A

the pd is in one direction only

29
Q

what is alternating pd

A

the pd is continually changing direction

30
Q

what are the 3 wires in a plug

A
  • live (brown)
  • neutral (blue)
  • earth (green and yellow stripes)
31
Q

what are the safety features on a plug

A

earth wire, fuse

32
Q

equation linking power, current and pd

A

power = pd x current
(PPDC)

33
Q

equation linking power, current, resistance

A

power = current x resistance
(PCR)

34
Q

what is power

A

the rate of energy transfer

35
Q

equation linking energy, power, time

A

power = energy divided by time
(PE/T)

36
Q

equation linking energy, charge, pd

A

energy transferred = charge flow x pd
(ETCFPD)

37
Q

what is the national grid

A

a system of cables and transformers ljnking power stations to consumers

38
Q

what does a step up transformer do

A

used to increase the pd from the power station to the transmission cables

39
Q

what does a step down transformer do

A

used to decrease, to a much lower value, the pd for domestic use

40
Q

why is a high pd used to transfer electrical power on the national grid

A

gives a low current. this reduces the energy losses through heating, increasing efficiency

41
Q

how are electrons transferred between materials

A

rubbed together, friction removes electrons from one

42
Q

how does a material become negatively charged

A

gains electrons

43
Q

how does a material become positively charged

A

loses electrons

44
Q

what happens when 2 materials carrying the same charge are brought close together

A

they repel each other

45
Q

what happens when 2 materials carrying different charge are brought close together

A

they attract one another

46
Q

is static charge an example of contact force or non contact force?

A

non-contact force

47
Q

what surrounds a charged object

A

electric field

48
Q

what happens to the strength of the electric field with increasing distance from a charged object?

A

gets weaker

49
Q

draw the electric field around a positively charged sphere

A

<—+—> more arrows around

50
Q

draw the electric field around a negatively charged sphere

A

—>-<— more arrows around

physics paper 1 (6 decks)

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