Particle Model of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the radius of an atom?

A

0.1 nm or 1 x 10⁻¹⁰ m

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2
Q

Outline the timeline of what we knew of the atom.

A

John Dalton - “solid spheres”, different types of spheres make up different elements
J J Thompson - “plum pudding”. A ball of positive charge with negative electrons inside of it.
Ernest Rutherford - “nuclear model”, a nucleus containing positive charge, with the negative charge surrounding it
Niels Bohr - “orbit” of electrons within shells
James Chadwick - discovered the neutron within the nucleus

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3
Q

What is internal energy?

A

The total energy stored in a system by the particles
This includes
- the kinetic energy of the particles
- the potential energy of the particles (because it contains the energy from the intermolecular forces and chemical bonds)

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4
Q

Wnat is potential energy?

A

The intermolecular forces and chemical bonds in a substance

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5
Q

solid to gas?

A

sublimation

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6
Q

gas to solid?

A

desublimation/deposition

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7
Q

What’s the difference between boiling and evaporation?

A

boiling:
- can occur throuought the liquid
- does not lead to cooling
- occurs faster
- does produce bubbles

evaporation:
- only on the surface of a substance
- leads to cooling
- happens slowly
- doesn’t produce bubbles

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8
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy required to heat 1kg of a substance by 1 degrees celcius.

(measured in J/kg) - BE CAREFUL W/ YOUR UNITS!!!!!

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9
Q

Recite the formula for change in thermal energy.

A

Change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature

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10
Q

What is specific latent heat?

A

The amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance with no change in temperature.

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11
Q

What is the difference between fusion and vaporisation?

A

fusion - solid to liquid or liquid to solid

vapourisation - gas to liquid or liquid to gas

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12
Q

Recite the equation for the energy required for change in state

A

Energy = mass x specific latent heat of vapourisation or fusion

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13
Q

What is the relationship between pressure and volume? Recite an equation for this.

A

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume.

pV = constant (assuming the temperature is kept the same)

e.g, If the volume increaces by 3x, the pressure will decreace by 3x.

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