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GCSE Physics > Particle Model Of Matter > Flashcards

Particle Model Of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid

A

All touching, regular pattern, vibrate around a fixed position, fixed shape and volume

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2
Q

Describe the arrangement of particles in a liquid

A

Close together, random arrangement move around each other fixed volume but shape can change

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3
Q

Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas

A

Far apart, random arrangements move quickly and randomly in all directions, no fixed shape or volume

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4
Q

In which state of matter are the interactions between particles, the greatest

A

A solid

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5
Q

Name the change of state when a solid changes to a liquid

A

Melting

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6
Q

Name the change of state when a liquid changes to gas

A

Boiling

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7
Q

Name the change of state when a solid changes to a gas

A

Sublimation

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8
Q

Name the change of state when a liquid changes to a solid

A

Freezing

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9
Q

How do Can a solid be compressed?

A

No

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10
Q

Can a liquid be compressed?

A

No

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11
Q

Can gas be compressed?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Write the equation linking to density, mass and volume

A

Density = mass/volume

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13
Q

Which state of matter has the highest density?

A

Salads

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14
Q

Which state of matter has the lowest density?

A

Gas

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15
Q

State how we can calculate the volume of an object with a fixed shape e.g cube or cuboid

A

By using a ruler to measure the length, height and width, then multiplying these together

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16
Q

Why might we use a vernier caliper or a micro meter screw gauge to measure the length rather than a ruler?

A

They have a higher resolution, so measurement should be more precise

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17
Q

State how we can measure the volume of an irregular shape

A

By carrying out the displacement method using an eureka can or a measuring cylinder

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18
Q

Name the equipment used to measure the mass of an object

A

A balance

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19
Q

Name, the type of error caused when a balance does not start at zero

A

Zero error

20
Q

State two ways in which we can rectify zero error

A

Rezero, the equipment if it is digital, or we can subtract the error from our readings

21
Q

State whether the changes of state are physical or chemical changes

A

Physical

22
Q

What is a physical change?

A

The substance recovers its original properties if the change is reversed

23
Q

Define internal energy

A

The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in a substance

24
Q

What does heating a system do to its Internal energy?

A

Increases internal energy by increasing the average kinetic energy of the particles

25
Q

What happens when the temperature of a substance increases?

A

There is an increase in average kinetic energy of the particles

26
Q

What happens when a substance changes state

A

There is an increase in potential energy of particles in order to change the arrangement of these particles

27
Q

Define specific heat capacity

A

The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by one degrees Celsius

28
Q

Define specific latent heat

A

The energy required to change the state of 1 kg of the substance at a constant temperature

29
Q

Write the equation linking energy, change, mass specific heat capacity and change in temperature

A

Change in thermal energy = mass X specific heat capacity X temperature change

30
Q

What are the unit for specific heat capacity?

A

J/Kg(degrees Celsius)

31
Q

State the symbol used to represent temperature change

A

Δθ

32
Q

Write the equation linking energy mass and specific latent heat

A

Energy for a change of state= mass X specific latent heat

33
Q

State the unit of specific latent heat

A

J/kg

34
Q

Define specific latent heat of fusion

A

The energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a substance from solid to liquid and a constant temperature

35
Q

Define specific latent heat of vaporisation

A

The energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a substance from liquid to a gas at a constant temperature

36
Q

What is average kinetic energy of a gas related to?

A

It’s temperature

37
Q

State what happens to the pressure of a gas a constant volume if you increase the temperature

A

The pressure increases

38
Q

State what happens to the motion of molecules in a gas as it’s temperature increases?

A

Velocity increases

39
Q

Explain why the pressure of gas at a fixed volume increases with temperature

A

A greater temperature means that the particles have more kinetic energy. This indicates that they are moving with a greater velocity which means that there will be more frequent collisions between particles and the container. There will therefore more force per unit area which means that pressure will increase.

40
Q

How is pressure caused by a gas in a container?

A

Collisions with the container wall

41
Q

What does the pressure of a gas cause on the walls of a container?

A

A force at right angles

42
Q

State the effects on pressure when the volume of a gas decreases, but the temperature remains constant

A

The pressure decreases

43
Q

Write equation that links the volume of gas and pressure for a fixed mass of gas held at a constant temperature

A

Pressure X volume = constant

44
Q

What are the units of pressure?

A

Pa

45
Q

What is work?

A

The transfer of energy by a force

46
Q

What does doing work do to the internal energy of a gas?

A

Increases their internal energy of a gas
&
can cause an increase in temperature

GCSE Physics (7 decks)

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