Participation

Question 1

Power Inquiry

Answer 1

Spoke of a political participation crisis.
Lower age to 16
Decentralise power
70% Elected House of Lords
2005 labour got 55.5% of the seats but only 33.5% of the votes

Question 2

Social class 2010

Answer 2

Conservative got 31% of DE voters
Labour got 40% of DE

Conservatives got 39% of AB
Labour got 26%

Question 3

Ivor Crewe

Answer 3

Working class had been split into two.

“Old working class” - manual workers who belonged to trade unions.

“New working class” - work in the public sector (south of England - vote conservative)

Question 4

New social movement

Answer 4

Since the 1960s.

Influence public policy on issues such as the environment, nuclear energy, women’s rights and peace.

Aim to bring about fundamental change in society

Usually start out at grass roots level than move to the national arena.

Question 5

Mass media

Answer 5

Means of communication through; through radio, TV and adverts.

Question 6

Election Campaign

Answer 6

Work in an organised as active way towards a particular political goal.
Party broadcasts, billboards, manifestos.. Etc..
Successful conservatives 1979 “labour isn’t working”
Failed “William Hague seven days to save the pound”

Question 7

Democracy

Answer 7

System of government by the whole population/eligible members of the state through elected representatives.

Question 8

Politics

Answer 8

Activities associated with governance of a country or area.

Question 9

Short term factors which influence voting behaviour.

Answer 9

• party leader
• events (Iraq war, Falklands war [1980], expenses scandal [2010], winter of discontent [1979])
• policies
• election campaign
• media performances

Question 10

Long Term factors influencing voting behaviour

Answer 10

Social class 
Ethnicity 
Gender 
Region
Party loyalty (partisan alignment)

Question 11

Absentation

Answer 11

Conscious decision not to vote.

Question 12

Lobbying

Answer 12

Practise of meeting with elected representatives to persuade them of the merits of the case they wish to advance.

Question 13

Four models of voting behaviour

Answer 13

Rational choice - himmelweit (1980) make a rational judgement based on past performance.
Dominant Ideology - Dunleavy and Husbands - media voters.
Party Identification Model - (Clarke et al 13% by 2001 party identification)
Sociological theory - social class shapes voting behaviour.

Question 14

Reasons for dealignment

Answer 14

Poor performance of government 
Decline in strength of ideology 
Rebirth of new policies e.g. New labour 
Intensive media coverage 
Greater political awareness 
Disillusionment with parties and politicians.

Question 15

Valence voting

Answer 15

People vote based upon their overall judgement of the competence of rival parties.

Question 16

Embourgeoisement

Answer 16

Better off working class see themselves as middle class.

Question 17

Volatility

Answer 17

The degree of change in voting behaviour between elections.

An increase in volatility leads to dealignment.

Question 18

Age

Answer 18

Younger people more likely to vote labour / liberal democrats.
In 2010: 30 C 31L 30LD 44% turnout.
65 + 76% turnout
44% voted conservative
31% voted labour
16% voted liberal

Question 19

Region.

Answer 19

North labour
South conservative

2005 North East 20% conservative. 53% labour. 25% liberals
South East: 45 %. 24. 25

Question 20

Age

Answer 20

3031 44%

4431 76%

Question 21

Green peace members

Answer 21

2.7 Million

Question 22

All middle….

Answer 22

Tony Blair and Peter Mandelson were all middle class now.

Question 23

Swing

Answer 23

Way of measuring how the public support for a political party changes.

3. 7 conservatives
4. 2 Labour
5. 0 liberal democrats

Question 24

Criticisms of pressure groups

Answer 24

Selfish 
Distort decision making 
Inappropriate tactics 
Thatcher ' enemy from within' 
Tony Blair 'tu just another pressure group'