Partial 2

Question 1

What microorganisms are the most common to contamainate a culture?

Answer 1

Bacteria

Question 2

How can you aradicate virus contaminaation in a cullture?

Answer 2

Meristem culture

Question 3

Initiation contamination

Answer 3

The ones that are appreciable within a couple days

Question 4

Latent contamination

Answer 4

Contamination that appears long after setting the culture. Usually bacteria probably inside the tissue that are not pathogenic to the plant in nature. It can be transferred to other cultures

Question 5

Introduced contamination

Answer 5

Contamination exisiting due to poor practces or dirty equipment

Question 6

Forms of sterelization

Answer 6

Heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, filtration

Question 7

Axenic culture

Answer 7

A culture media that has no microorganisms but only one organism living in it

Question 8

Effects of contamination

Answer 8

Overgrowing and killing the organism
Microorganisms exhaust the media nutruents
Change in secondary metabolites

Question 9

Common antibiotics in TC

Answer 9

Carbenicillin
Cefotaxime
Rifampicin
Tetracycline
Streptomycin

Question 10

UV radiation for sterilization

Answer 10

254 nm

Question 11

Flaming as sterelization

Answer 11

95% alcohol and fire

Question 12

Autoclave conditions

Answer 12

15 psias 250 ºF/121 ºC, time depends on liquid volume

Question 13

Filtration

Answer 13

When media has proteins, GA, IAA, proteins and antibiotics

Question 14

What HEPA stands for

Answer 14

High Efficiency Particulate Air filters 99.97 % of particles above 0.3 microns

Question 15

Convencional propagation

Answer 15

Cuttings
Buddings, grafting
Layering

Question 16

Desirable properties of explants

Answer 16

Easily sterilizable
Juvenile
Responsive to culture

Question 17

What is the most used explant?

Answer 17

Axilarry buds, >95%

Question 18

Prone to genetic instability explant

Answer 18

Adventitious shoots formation

Question 19

Axillary shoot proliferation

Answer 19

Growth of axillary buds proliferated with cytokinins

Question 20

Axillary shoot proliferation procedure

Answer 20

Selection of plant material
Stablish asceptic culture
Multiplication
Shoot elongation
Root induction/formation
Acclimatization

Question 21

Four stations of micropropagation

Answer 21

Stage I: Introduction ans stablishment of aseptinc culture
Stage 2: Multiplication
Stage 3: Rooting and preparation
Stage 4: Acclimatization

Question 22

Hormone indicuing somatic embryogenesis

Answer 22

A auxin: 2,4-D

Question 23

Mother block

Answer 23

Slowly multiplied index and stabilized set of culture

Serve as a source of culture for stage 2

Question 24

Of what kind of cells is made a callus?

Answer 24

Parenchymous cells

Question 25

Callus medium

Answer 25

MS Media
Auxin:Cytokinins 1:1
Sucrose 3% w/v
pH: 5.6-6, optimum 5.8
Gelling agent

Question 26

Callus Incubation characteristics

Answer 26

25 +-2ºC
Light: 5,000 - 10,000 lux/m
16 h light, 8 h dark

Question 27

Where callus formation begins

Answer 27

In the outer layer of the cortical cells of the stem, forming pressuer and the being exposed

Question 28

When is callus vitrification produced?

Answer 28

High relative humidity and presence of ethylene

Question 29

Steps of indirect organogenesis

Answer 29

Induction: Aux:Cyt
Proliferation/maintainance: Suspension
Regeneration: Produce other organs
Rooting
Acclimatization