Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Radiation Therapy > Part V [Clinical Radiation Generators] > Flashcards

Part V [Clinical Radiation Generators] Flashcards

1
Q

[1952, persons] begin building a medical linear accelerator

A

1952
Henry Kaplan and Edward Ginzton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

[year] first medical linac

A

1956

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

[year, persons] begin trials using the linac with chemotherapy to treat Hodgkin’s disease

A

1942
Kaplan and Saul Rosenberg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

[ linac generation] isocentric and could rotate 360 degrees around the gantry axis
1962-1982, increased accuracy and precision of dose delivery

A

Second Generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Low Energy Photons
S.F.E.S.S.I

A

4-8MV
Straight through beam
Fixed flattening filter
External wedges
Symmetric jaws
Single transmission ionization chamber
Isocentric mounting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Medium Energy Photons and Electrons
B.F.D.E

A

10-15MV
Bent beam, movable target
Flattening Filter
Dual transmission ionization chamber
Electron cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

High Energy Photons and Electrons [1]
D.A.D.A.I

A

18-25MV
Dual photon energy and multiple electron energies
Achromatic bending magnet
Dual scattering foils or scanned electron beam
Automatic wedge selector
Independent collimator jaws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

High Energy Photons and Electrons [2]
C.D.I.M

A

Computer controlled operation
Dynamic wedge
Electronic portal imaging device
Multi leaf collimator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

High Energy Photons and Electrons [3]
P,MLC.F, I.

A

Photon beam intensity with MLC
Ull dynamic conformal dose delivery with Intensity modulated beams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A type that greatly increases the velocity of charged subatomic particles are ions play subjecting the charge particles do I series oscillating electrical potential’s

A

Linac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A part of the accelerator that uses microwave technology and accelerate electrons 

A

Waveguide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MAIN OPERATING COMPONENTS OF A MEDICAL LINAC

A
  1. Injection system
  2. RF Generating power
  3. Accelerating waveguide
  4. Auxiliary system
  5. Beam transport system
  6. Beam collimation and
    beam monitoring system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

three major components modulator cabinet 

A
  1. Fan control (cooling the power-distribution system).
  2. Auxiliary power distribution system
    (contains the emergency off button that shuts off the power to the treatment unit ).
  3. Primary power- distribution system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A power supply provides [..] power to the modulator, which includes the pulse-forming network and a switch tube known as [..].
● High voltage pulses from the modulator section are flat-topped DC pulses of a few microseconds in duration.
● These pulses are delivered to the magnetron or klystron and simultaneously to the electron gun

A

DC
hydrogen thyratron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This is. where electrons are produced by thermionic emission

A

Electron gun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Two types of electron gun

A

Diode type
Triode type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In the [..] the voltage applied to the cathode is pulsed so producing bunches of electrons rather than a continuous stream

A

Diode type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Produces discrete bunches of electrons by introducing a grid between cathode and anode

A

Triode type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

It produces microwave required for electron acceleration
Function as a high frequency oscillator

A

Magnetron

20
Q

Peak power of magnetron

A

5MV

21
Q

Acts as a RF power amplifier
mainly in high energy LINACS

A

Klystron

22
Q

Peak power of Klystron

A

7 MW

23
Q

Velocity of the electron is altered by the action of electric field in the Buncher cavity produced by [..]
Electrons arrive catcher cavity [..] due to [..] thus [..] of electrons is converted into high power microwaves

A

Low power microwave
Suffer deceleration
Retarding electric field
Kinetic energy

24
Q

Two types of accelerating wave guides

A

Standing or a station are you wave accelerator Traveling wave accelerator

25
Q

Uses electromagnetic RF Wave to accelerate electrons to very high velocity is onto target or electron window

A

Accelerating Waveguide

26
Q

Require a terminating or dummy, load to absorb the residual power at the end of the structure, thus preventing backward reflected wave

A

Traveling waveguide

27
Q

Provide maximum reflection off the waves at both ends of the structure so that the combination of forward and reverse traveling waves will give rise to stationary waves

A

Standing waveguide

28
Q

In this microwaves absorbed at the end of the wave guide or exit the wave guide to be absorbed in a resistive load are fed back to the input and off the wave guide

A

Traveling wave guide

29
Q

Microwaves are affected from the distal surface to produce a standing wave
each end of the wave guide terminate with a conducting disk to reflect the microwave power

A

Standing waveguide

30
Q

Consist of Evacuated drift tubes and bending magnets which are used in transporting the electron beams from the accelerating wave guide to the x-ray target or to the exit window for electron beam therapy

A

Electron beam transport

31
Q

Changes that direction off the electron beam downwards towards the patient
Needed for energy is greater than 6 MeV

A

Bending magnet

32
Q

Three systems for electric been bending

A

90° bending
270° bending
112.5° bending

33
Q

Three types of target

A

Thin, intermediate and thick

34
Q

Efficiency for photon production in target is [..] to the atomic number of the target material

A

proportional

35
Q

It defines the largest available circular field size end is essentially conical opening projecting into a tungsten shielding block

A

Primary collimator

36
Q

One end of the conical opening of the collimator projecting onto[..] and the other to the[…]

A

edges of the target

flattening filter

37
Q

Make the beam intensity across the field uniform since photon dose is strongly forwardly peaked

A

Flattening filer

38
Q

Filter is usually made up of [..]

A

Lead
(Tungsten, uranium, steel, al or combi)

39
Q

Made spread the beam to get a uniform electron fluence across the treatment field

A

Scattering foil

40
Q

 components of a scattering foil

A

thin high-Z metallic foil (e.g., lead, tantalum).

41
Q

Usual type of chambers

A

Transmission type
Ei flat parallel plate Or cylindrical thimble chamber

42
Q

Consist of four blocks two forming the upper end to forming the lower jaws
Provide rectangular or square field at the linac isocenter

A

Secondary collimator

43
Q

Component of secondary collimator

A

Lead or tungsten

44
Q

Functions of auxiliary system

A

Vacuum pumping system for accelerating guide
Water cooling system for cooling the accelerating guide
Air pressure system
Shielding against leakage radiation

45
Q

We are patiently still to receive 30 Dacian treatment made with carbon fiber top

A

Treatment couch

Radiation Therapy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions