part two of Chapter 10 Notecards Flashcards
Ludovico il Moro
This Milanese despot joined the League of Venice in hopes of thwarting a French invasion.
Charles VIII
He succeeded Louis XI. Marched through and conquered Naples and Florence. Unfortunately for this French monarch, the cities united to oust his attack.
Girolamo Savonarola
This radical Dominican preacher convinces most the fearful Florentines that the French king’s arrival was a long-delayed and fully justified vengeance on their immortality.
Pope Alexander VI
The corrupt Borgia pope and ally to the French under Louis XII against Italy.
Cesare Borgia
The son of Pope Alexander VI. When his father agreed to abandon the League of Venice, Cesare Borgia received the sister of the king of Navarre in marriage, a union that greatly enhanced Borgia military strength.
Pope Julius II
This strong opponent of the Borgia family succeeded Alexander VI as Pope. He suppressed the Borgias and placed their newly conquered lands in Romagna under papal jurisdiction.
Ferdinand of Aragon
The husband of Isabella of Castile. The Spanish king. The duo conquered the Moors, Christianized Spain, and made their country into a perennial world power. Additionally they initiated the Age of Discovery/Exploration.
Isabella of Castille
The wife of Ferdinand of Aragon. The Spanish queen. The duo conquered the Moors, Christianized Spain, and made their country into a perennial world power. Additionally they initiated the Age of Discovery/Exploration.
Mesta
A government organization that ran the kingdom of Castile’s sheep-farming industry.
Hermandad
A powerful league of cities and towns, which served Ferdinand and Isabella against stubborn landowners.
Conversos
Converted Jews who were monitored by the Inquisition.
Moriscos
Muslims who were monitored by the Inquisition.
War of the Roses
A conflict between the House of Lancaster and the House of York. The Tudors emerged as victors and rulers of England.
Henry VI
The Lancastrian monarchy of this man was consistently challenged by the duke of York.
Edward IV
Son of the duke of York, he successfully seized power and instituted a strong-army rule that lasted more than twenty years. Briefly interrupted by Henry VI’s short-lived restoration.
Richard III
The brother of Edward IV, he usurped the throne from Edward’s son. The new Tudor dynasty portrayed him as a villain who had murdered Edward’s sons.
Henry VII
The first monarch of the new Tudor dynasty.
Court of the Star Chamber
Henry VII’s means of disciplining the nobility. A special instrument of the royal was known as this.
Golden Bull
A agreement between the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and the major German territorial rulers. It established a seven-member electoral college which functioned as an administrative body.
Reichstag
An imperial diet/national assembly of seven electors among the German states.
Electors
Seven of these made up the Reichstag along with the non-electoral princes and the 65 imperial free cities in the Holy Roman Empire.
Reuchlin Affair
A man who had converted from Judaism to Christianity attached Johann Reuchlin’s writings. Many humanists marched to Reuchlin’s defense. “Letters of Obscure Men” was born from it
Letters of Obscure Men
Rising from the Reuchlin Affair, this piece was a merciless satire of monks and Scholastics to which von Hutten contributed.
Thomas More
The English humanist who wrote “Utopia.”
Utopia
Written by Thomas More, it is a conservative criticism of contemporary society.
Act of Supremacy
Declared that Henry VIII was the only head of the Church of England.
Francisco de Cisneros
Spanish leader of the Protestant Reformation wrote the “Complutensian Polygot Bible.”
Bartholomew Dias
Opened the Portuguese Empire in the East when he rounded the Cape of Good Hope.
Prince Henry “the Navigator”
Prince Henry “the Navigator” The Portuguese prince who sponsored the Portuguese exploration of the African coast.
Vasco de Gama
This Portuguese explorer reached the coast of India and returned with a cargo worth sixty times the cost of the voyage.
Amerigo Vespucci
The namesake of North and South America for first exploring the areas.
Mayans
A civilization which flourished in the Yucatan region. They built large cities with immense pyramids and were fascinated by math and astronomy.
Aztecs
Settled in Mexico. A violent civilization that was ultimately conquered by Cortes.
Incans
Another great Native American civilization. Settled in Peru. Conquered by Pizarro.
Cortes
He landed on the coast of Mexico and beat the Aztecs.
Pizarro
He landed on the western coast of South America and beat the Incas.
Hacienda
The major rural and agricultural institution of the Spanish colonies.
Peninsulares
Persons originally born in Spain.
Creoles
Persons of Spanish descent born in America.
Encomienda
A formal grant of the right to the labor of a specific number of Indians for a particular period of time.
Conquistador
A Spanish explorer who “conquered” native peoples.
