part two of Chapter 10 Notecards

Question 1

Ludovico il Moro

Answer 1

This Milanese despot joined the League of Venice in hopes of thwarting a French invasion.

Question 2

Charles VIII

Answer 2

He succeeded Louis XI. Marched through and conquered Naples and Florence. Unfortunately for this French monarch, the cities united to oust his attack.

Question 3

Girolamo Savonarola

Answer 3

This radical Dominican preacher convinces most the fearful Florentines that the French king’s arrival was a long-delayed and fully justified vengeance on their immortality.

Question 4

Pope Alexander VI

Answer 4

The corrupt Borgia pope and ally to the French under Louis XII against Italy.

Question 5

Cesare Borgia

Answer 5

The son of Pope Alexander VI. When his father agreed to abandon the League of Venice, Cesare Borgia received the sister of the king of Navarre in marriage, a union that greatly enhanced Borgia military strength.

Question 6

Pope Julius II

Answer 6

This strong opponent of the Borgia family succeeded Alexander VI as Pope. He suppressed the Borgias and placed their newly conquered lands in Romagna under papal jurisdiction.

Question 7

Ferdinand of Aragon

Answer 7

The husband of Isabella of Castile. The Spanish king. The duo conquered the Moors, Christianized Spain, and made their country into a perennial world power. Additionally they initiated the Age of Discovery/Exploration.

Question 8

Isabella of Castille

Answer 8

The wife of Ferdinand of Aragon. The Spanish queen. The duo conquered the Moors, Christianized Spain, and made their country into a perennial world power. Additionally they initiated the Age of Discovery/Exploration.

Question 9

Mesta

Answer 9

A government organization that ran the kingdom of Castile’s sheep-farming industry.

Question 10

Hermandad

Answer 10

A powerful league of cities and towns, which served Ferdinand and Isabella against stubborn landowners.

Question 11

Conversos

Answer 11

Converted Jews who were monitored by the Inquisition.

Question 12

Moriscos

Answer 12

Muslims who were monitored by the Inquisition.

Question 13

War of the Roses

Answer 13

A conflict between the House of Lancaster and the House of York. The Tudors emerged as victors and rulers of England.

Question 14

Henry VI

Answer 14

The Lancastrian monarchy of this man was consistently challenged by the duke of York.

Question 15

Edward IV

Answer 15

Son of the duke of York, he successfully seized power and instituted a strong-army rule that lasted more than twenty years. Briefly interrupted by Henry VI’s short-lived restoration.

Question 16

Richard III

Answer 16

The brother of Edward IV, he usurped the throne from Edward’s son. The new Tudor dynasty portrayed him as a villain who had murdered Edward’s sons.

Question 17

Henry VII

Answer 17

The first monarch of the new Tudor dynasty.

Question 18

Court of the Star Chamber

Answer 18

Henry VII’s means of disciplining the nobility. A special instrument of the royal was known as this.

Question 19

Golden Bull

Answer 19

A agreement between the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and the major German territorial rulers. It established a seven-member electoral college which functioned as an administrative body.

Question 20

Reichstag

Answer 20

An imperial diet/national assembly of seven electors among the German states.

Question 21

Electors

Answer 21

Seven of these made up the Reichstag along with the non-electoral princes and the 65 imperial free cities in the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 22

Reuchlin Affair

Answer 22

A man who had converted from Judaism to Christianity attached Johann Reuchlin’s writings. Many humanists marched to Reuchlin’s defense. “Letters of Obscure Men” was born from it

Question 23

Letters of Obscure Men

Answer 23

Rising from the Reuchlin Affair, this piece was a merciless satire of monks and Scholastics to which von Hutten contributed.

Question 24

Thomas More

Answer 24

The English humanist who wrote “Utopia.”

Question 25

Utopia

Answer 25

Written by Thomas More, it is a conservative criticism of contemporary society.

Question 26

Act of Supremacy

Answer 26

Declared that Henry VIII was the only head of the Church of England.

Question 27

Francisco de Cisneros

Answer 27

Spanish leader of the Protestant Reformation wrote the “Complutensian Polygot Bible.”

Question 28

Bartholomew Dias

Answer 28

Opened the Portuguese Empire in the East when he rounded the Cape of Good Hope.

Question 29

Prince Henry “the Navigator”

Answer 29

Prince Henry “the Navigator” The Portuguese prince who sponsored the Portuguese exploration of the African coast.

Question 30

Vasco de Gama

Answer 30

This Portuguese explorer reached the coast of India and returned with a cargo worth sixty times the cost of the voyage.

Question 31

Amerigo Vespucci

Answer 31

The namesake of North and South America for first exploring the areas.

Question 32

Mayans

Answer 32

A civilization which flourished in the Yucatan region. They built large cities with immense pyramids and were fascinated by math and astronomy.

Question 33

Aztecs

Answer 33

Settled in Mexico. A violent civilization that was ultimately conquered by Cortes.

Question 34

Incans

Answer 34

Another great Native American civilization. Settled in Peru. Conquered by Pizarro.

Question 35

Cortes

Answer 35

He landed on the coast of Mexico and beat the Aztecs.

Question 36

Pizarro

Answer 36

He landed on the western coast of South America and beat the Incas.

Question 37

Hacienda

Answer 37

The major rural and agricultural institution of the Spanish colonies.

Question 38

Peninsulares

Answer 38

Persons originally born in Spain.

Question 39

Creoles

Answer 39

Persons of Spanish descent born in America.

Question 40

Encomienda

Answer 40

A formal grant of the right to the labor of a specific number of Indians for a particular period of time.

Question 41

Conquistador

Answer 41

A Spanish explorer who “conquered” native peoples.