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Question 1

Grandi

Answer 1

The old rich, the nobles, and merchants who traditionally ruled the city of Florence

Question 2

Popolo grosso

Answer 2

The emergent new rich merchant class of capitalists and bankers in Florence. Also known as “fat people.”

Question 3

Popolo minuto

Answer 3

The “little people” or the lower Florentine economic classes.

Question 4

Ciompi Revolt

Answer 4

A great successful revolt of the poor in 1378. Resulted in a 4 year reign of power by the lower Florentine classes.

Question 5

Cosimo de’ Medici

Answer 5

The wealthiest Florentine. Manipulated Florence from behind the scenes by influencing the Constitution and election.

Question 6

Lorenzo the Magnificent

Answer 6

The grandson of Cosimo de’ Medici. Ruled Florence in a nearly totalitarian fashion. As the podesta, he maintained law and order.

Question 7

Signoria

Answer 7

Initially made up of six members and later of eight members, this council governed Florence.

Question 8

Podesta

Answer 8

The title Lorenzo the Magnificent held. The purpose of the office was to maintain law and order. Executive, military, and judicial authority was possessed by the officeholder.

Question 9

Condottieri

Answer 9

These military brokers provided mercenary armies for despots in Florence.

Question 10

Machiavelli

Answer 10

Author of “The Prince,” this man detailed how to obtain power, how to use it, and how to keep it.

Question 11

The Prince

Answer 11

Nicolo Machiavelli’s masterpiece. Machiavelli explained how to obtain power, how to use it, and how to keep it.

Question 12

Leonardo Bruni

Answer 12

This Florentine first gave the name “humanitas” or “humanity,” to the learning that resulted from the scholarly pursuits of the Renaissance. A pupil of Manuel Chrysoloras.

Question 13

Manuel Chrysoloras

Answer 13

A Byzantine scholar who opened the world of Greek scholarship to a generation of young Italian humanists when he taught at Florence.

Question 14

Petrarch

Answer 14

The “father of humanism.” He celebrated ancient Rome in his “Letters to the Ancient Dead.” Also wrote a Latin epic poem named “Africa” and a set of biographies of famous Roman men called “Lives of Illustrious Men.”

Question 15

Letters to the Ancient Dead

Answer 15

Petrarch’s masterpiece to celebrate ancient Rome.

Question 16

Africa

Answer 16

Petrarch’s Latin epic poem.

Question 17

Lives of Illustrious Men

Answer 17

A set of biographies of famous Roman men by Petrarch.

Question 18

Dante Alighieri

Answer 18

Author of “Vita Nuova” and “Divine Comedy.”

Question 19

Vita Nuova

Answer 19

An expression of medieval genre of courtly love by Dante Alighieri.

Question 20

Divine Comedy

Answer 20

An epic poem detailing the Christian afterlife by Dante Alighieri

Question 21

Giovanni Boccaccio

Answer 21

A student of Petrarch, he was also a pioneer of humanist studies. Authored “Decameron.”

Question 22

Decameron

Answer 22

100 often bawdy tales by three men and seven women in a country retreat from the plague that ravaged Florence. A stinging social commentary and a sympathetic look at human behavior. Written by Giovanni Boccaccio.

Question 23

Baldassare Castiglione

Answer 23

The author of “Book of the Courtier.”

Question 24

Book of the Courtier

Answer 24

Written by Baldassare Castiglione, this was a practical guide for the nobility at the court of Urbino. It embodies the highest ideals of Italian humanism: knowledge of languages and history, athleticism, military skills, musical skills, and chivalry.

Question 25

Christine de Pisan

Answer 25

This famous noblewoman wrote “The City of Ladies.”

Question 26

The City of Ladies

Answer 26

A chronicle of the accomplishments of the great women of history. Written by Christine de Pisan.

Question 27

Florentine Academy

Answer 27

Not a formal school, but an informal gathering of influential Florentine humanists who devoted themselves to the revival of the works of Plato and Neoplatonists.

Question 28

Lorenzo Valla

Answer 28

The author of the standard Renaissance text on Latin philology and the “Elegances of the Latin Language,” and “Donation of Constantine.”

Question 29

Elegances of the Latin Language

Answer 29

This work truly embodied the ideas of its author, Lorenzo Valla, by revealing the explosive character of the new learning.

Question 30

Erasmus

Answer 30

The “prince of the humanists.” Easily the most famous of the northern humanists. Published dialogues under the title “Colloquies.”

Question 31

Giotto

Answer 31

The father of Renaissance painting. Painted a more natural world than his Byzantine and Gothic predecessors.

Question 32

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 32

The true Renaissance man. A painter, a military engineer, a physician, and a botanist. But you know him better for the Mona Lisa.

Question 33

Raphael

Answer 33

Revered by art historians for his masterpiece “The School of Athens,” this talented painter’s premature death cut short his promising artistic career.

Question 34

Michelangelo

Answer 34

This melancholy genius is known for masterpieces such as David and frescoes for the Sistine Chapel.

Question 35

Treaty of Lodi

Answer 35

This agreement brought Milan and Naples in an alliance with Florence against Venice.