part one Flashcards
what are the 5 functions of media?
surveillance, correlation, transmission, entertainment, economic/service
what is the role of the media?
major source of information for society
what is media criticized for?
presenting information from a ‘white man’s perspective’
what aspects of surveillance does the media impact?
threats and opportunities that affect the value position of the community and the component parts within
what is the media passing on in its transmission function?
the social heritage from generation to generation
what is the media’s role in entertainment?
enjoyment, relaxation to respond to the needs of the pubic to take a break from the daily pressures and stresses
what is the media’s economic/service function to society?
media are businesses, stimulating income and delivering/generating consumers
what is the media’s correlation function?
the media analyzes how different parts of the community respond to the environment, e.g. outside threats
why should we care if the media perpetuate stereotypes? (3)
- as members of society, we are affected directly and indirectly images presented in media
- we are professionals who have to interact with people form different backgrounds and cultures
- we should be part of the ever-evolving media
name the 3 aspects of walter lippmann’s definition of stereotypes:
- ordering process
- shortcut referring to the world
- through the lens of our own values and beliefs
what does the implicit association test measure?
attitudes and beliefs that people may be unwilling to admit
what is the implicit association test designed to detect?
the strength of a person’s automatic association between mental representation of objects in memory
are we aware of biases? when do they develop?
we don’t have to be aware of them but they develop over the course of a lifetime
what composes implicit bias and what does it affect? how does it affect it?
attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decision in an unconscious manner.
what is a microaggression?
everyday verbal, nonvberal, and environmental slights, snubs. or insults, whether intentional or unintentional, which communicates hostile,. derogatory, or negative messages to target persons based solely upon their marginalized group memberships
what role does the media play in creating implicit bias?
reinforces stereotypes by using implicit visual imagery in contexts that prime/activate racial cultural stereotypes
saralyn sue saw a television program that showed black people as lazy, disingenuous, and crass. when she runs into her black classmate, tamara, she’s feels uncomfortable around her. what is this an example of?
priming
when does priming occur?
when a certain schema is activated and applied to other unrelated objects or events
what is the reflected appraisal or looking glass self?
negative stereotypes and discrimination against one’s group should result in negative self-evaluations among stigmatized individuals
which level of socially acceptable attitude is expressed despite the private, negative attitudes held?
level 1: public attitudes
which level of attitude are unconscious feelings and beliefs that may differ from personal or public attitudes and may predict more spontaneous behaviors?
level 3: implicit attitudes
which level of attitude is based on an individual’s standards, ideals, and values?
level 2: private attitudes
how are level 2 attitudes characterized?
how you really feel; these are the attitudes based on one’s private standards, ideals and values
how are level 3 attitudes characterized?
It slips out; these are unconscious feelings and beliefs that are often different from personal or public attitudes. they tend to predict more spontaneous race-related behaviors.
how are level 1 attitudes characterized?
keep true feelings to yourself; these are the attitudes that individuals express that are socially acceptable, but know that they privately have negative attitudes about a group.
what is an automatic process?
the unintentional or spontaneous activation of some well-learned set of associations that have developed through repeated activation in memory
how is a controlled/deliberate process characterized?
by effortful and reasoned considerations about the pros and cons of a certain behavior
does the reflected appraisal/looking-glass self affect members of stigmatized groups? why or why not?
it does not result in lower self esteem because they contradict assumption derived from looking-glass, self-fulfilling prophecy, and efficacy based self-esteem theoretical approaches
what is the self fulfilling prophecy?
people come to behave in ways that are consistent with the expectations of others and may alter their self-concept as a result of this behavior
how do members of stigmatized groups protect their self esteem? (3)
- blaming failures on prejudice from nongroup members
- compare abilities to other members of the stigmatized groups
- devaluing the areas where the group does poorly and valuing the areas where they are led to believe they excel
what is the stereotype threat?
- fear of being reduced to the negative stereotype that’s been rendered to your group