Part III. Debunking the Code of Kalantiaw

Question 1

The Code of Kalantiaw is a set of Penal Code supposedly written in the year _____________.

Answer 1

1433

Question 2

However, the Code turned out to be a hoax actually fabricated in the year _____________.

Answer 2

1913

Question 3

The Code was debunked by an American scholar presenting his dissertation at the History Department of the
University of Sto. Thomas in the year ______________.

Answer 3

1968

Question 4

But the Code was not officially declared a hoax by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines until the
year _______________.

Answer 4

2004

Question 5

What is the name of the American scholar who disproved the Code of Kalantiaw?

Answer 5

William Henry Scott

Question 6

Former President Ferdinand Marcos, Sr., falling victim to the hoax, created the Order of Kalantiaw, an award that
was given to ____________________.

Answer 6

Legal luminaries and judges

Question 7

To this day, some Filipinos still believe that the Code of Kalantiaw was real. It took a long time for it to be officially
declared a hoax. This can be attributed primarily to:

Answer 7

Nationalistic bias

Question 8

He is the person behind the hoax; he fabricated the manuscript and all references, upon investigation, led to him.

Answer 8

Jose E. Marco

Question 9

A custom, event, or object appearing in a time period to which it does not belong.

Answer 9

Anachronism

Question 10

It was pointed out that the Code had some provisions that did not make sense. For example, Articles III and V of
the Code talked about:

Answer 10

being punished for a specific number of hours for certain offenses

Question 11

Another clue that the manuscript could not have been written in the year it was purported to have been written was found in the dedication:

Answer 11

It was dedicated to the King of Spain, but at the time Queen Isabella II was the ruling monarch.

Question 12

Another clue that the manuscript detailing the Code of Kalantiaw was a hoax was the use of the word microbe.
What year was the word microbe coined?

Answer 12

1878

Question 13

The Antiguas Leyendes was supposedly written by one Jose Maria Pavon in what year?

Answer 13

1838

Question 14

The Pavon manuscript mentioned Occidental Negros. However, there was no such province yet at the time because Negros was not divided until the year ______________.

Answer 14

1890

Question 15

The Pavon manuscript referred to one document supposedly written in 1489 that mentioned King _______ of
Spain. This was clearly a fabrication because this King was not born until the year 1500.

Answer 15

King Charles V