Part II. General Principles of animal breeding, genetics and reproduction

Question 1

are represented and identified/designated by genotype and phenotype

Answer 1

Traits

Question 2

is the
genetic make-up of the trait represented by genes carried on the chromosomes.

Answer 2

Genotype

Question 3

is the visible
or measurable character representing the genotype

Answer 3

Phenotype

Question 4

Ex. A black dominant animal may have genotype either

Answer 4

BB or Bb

Question 5

Environment often masks genotype or genetic potential. Heredity or genetic make-up
(genotype) of an individual is determined at conception forming the .

Answer 5

zygote

Question 6

4 factors or rules should be
considered for an effective improvement.

Answer 6

1. Genetic variation-
2. Selection of highly heritable traits
3. Accurate measurement and recording
4. Proper mating or breeding systems

Question 7

have a maximum differences on traits due to genetics. Standardize environment,
and differences in performance (phenotype) of the animals are largely due to their genotype.

Answer 7

Genetic variation-

Question 8

• spend selection efforts on traits largely influence by heredity.
  These are the traits for which phenotype is a good indicator of genotype.

Answer 8

Selection of highly heritable traits

Question 9

use effective methods for evaluating traits of prospect
breeders and have a reliable records/data.

Answer 9

Accurate measurement and recording

Question 10

breed selected animals with desirable traits using the right
breeding methods and reproductive techniques.

Answer 10

Proper mating or breeding systems-

Question 11

These are two general classifications of animal breeders, the purebred breeders (also called

Answer 11

seedstock producers)

Question 12

the commercial breeder (

Answer 12

producers

Question 13

• mating of animals ore closely related than the average of the breed or population,
  resulting to an increased homozygosity of gene pairs compared to noninbred animals in the same
  population (breed/herd).

Answer 13

Inbreeding

Question 14

Types of Inbreeding

Answer 14

Intensive inbreeding
Linebreeding

Question 15

• mating of closely related animals whose ancestors have been
  inbred for several generation.

Ex. Brother x sister

Answer 15

Intensive inbreeding

Question 16

• a mild form of inbreeding where inbreeding is kept relatively low
  while maintaining a high genetic relationship to an outstanding ancestor (usually a
  sire) or line of ancestors.
  Ex. Grandsire x granddaughter

Answer 16

Linebreeding

Question 17

• mating of animals not as closely related as the average of the population.

Answer 17

Outbreeding

Question 18

Horse x donkey =

Answer 18

mule

Question 19

Cattle x bison =

Answer 19

beefalo/cattalo